Abstract:           All praise is due to Allah, the Lord of all the worlds, and peace and blessings be upon the most noble of all creation and messengers, our master Muhammad, and upon His family and pure companions who dedicated themselves to defending the dignity of the religion until Allah raised their status, elevated their words, and made their religion and path straight.           The Quran is the clear book, the differentiator between guidance and misguidance, between right and wrong. Its wonders never cease, its verses never end, and its indications never contradict. It is the light for insight, the cure for hearts, and the life of souls. Its people are the people of Allah and His chosen ones, who have attained goodness in this world and the Hereafter. The Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, testified to them by saying, "The best among you are those who learn the Quran and teach it."           One of the prominent figures in the service of the Quran and the Sunnah during the era of the early successors (Tabi'un) was Abu Majlaz Lahiq ibn Hameed. He studied under the senior companions and taught many scholars. He played a prominent role in spreading knowledge, which became a source of learning for scholars and students of knowledge. He had a distinguished position among his peers in his era, and his statements in the interpretation of the Quran are considered important. This is supported by the scholars' interest in transmitting his statements in their books. Research Plan: First Topic: The statements of Abu Majlaz in Surahs At-Tawbah and Yunus, collected and studied, divided into two parts: - The first part: The statements of Abu Majlaz in Surah At-Tawbah, collected and studied. - The second part: The statements of Abu Majlaz in Surah Yunus, collected and studied. Second Topic: - The first part: The statements of Abu Majlaz in Surah Hud, collected and studied. - The second part: The statements of Abu Majlaz in Surah Yusuf, collected and studied.

Abstract: Sheikh Muhammad Jawad Mughniyah - may Allah have mercy on him - was not only a prominent figure in society, but also an eminent and knowledgeable scholar who produced and continues to produce extensive knowledge that is admired by leading scholars and intellectuals in the fields of thought, literature, and art, regardless of whether they are Muslim or non-Muslim. He closely observed their contributions and gained much from them, despite his rigorous scrutiny of their work. He was a prolific writer, with a clear and concise style, deep insights, and a meticulous approach. He was one of the few scholars who stood out in this era, enriching Islamic thought and spirituality, contributing to the intellectual and spiritual heritage, and studying the reality of his community, including its backwardness, injustice, and aggression. He discussed the reasons for these issues and, through their profound thinking and farsighted vision, outlined the way forward. Therefore, I decided to write this research paper, highlighting the most important persuasive techniques in his famous book "Al-Kashaf".

Abstract: create the required effects in synthesising scenes and linking parts. The montage connects descriptive shots that are independent in meaning and are neutral in content, as this interaction gives an opportunity or a broader scope for the idea or topic within the film system since it is a semantic deduction that contributes to reaching new visions in a manner consistent with the general feature of the artwork. Montage is mainly related to how to move the camera and how to choose an angle to link one shot to another as a group of successive events works in the narrative text to form many images interspersed with repeated cutting that works to make an integrated event, and the group of these events creates a scene or many scenes, and the reader must seek continuity in time and place. Narrative works are hardly devoid of this mixed type, which combines the end of a previous chapter and links it to the beginning of a later chapter. The mixing is usually based on the main axes within the story, which are subject to titles, chapters, and subjects. The nature of the narration may call for deletion or montage to move from one place to another, to produce movement, to push the pace of time forward, or to skip visual elements and partial events that are not considered useful and effective in the course of the text. The montage intendedly uses the trimming method between the beginnings and the endings of the shots to create an intellectual and thematic coherence within the narrative structure.  

Abstract:        Praise be to God, who revealed the Noble Qur’an to His Great Messenger (may God bless him and grant him peace) as a shining book with a clear explanation, clear statement, conclusive proof, remaining without every miracle on the face of every age, its wonders do not end. after:      My choice fell on studying the words of instinct and its approximations in the department of language and terminology in order to know the common significance between these words and the meanings close to the term instinct. Instinct and what is close to it in the circle of language, and the second topic is the terminology of instinct and what is close to it in the terminology circle.  

Abstract:             The research aims to explore the impact of the strategy of imaginative learning on the development of analytical thinking among fifth-grade primary school students in mathematics. To achieve the research objective, the researcher formulated four null hypotheses and utilized an experimental design with two equivalent groups (an experimental group and a control group). The research sample consisted of 62 students from the fifth grade, with 32 students in the experimental group and 30 students in the control group. The reliability for the test of analytical thinking skills was 0.82 using the Kuder-Richardson Formula 20, indicating good reliability with an acceptable ratio. Building on the findings of the current research, the researcher suggests conducting the following study: The impact of the strategy of imaginative learning on the academic achievement of fifth-grade students in mathematics and the development of their mathematical thinking skills.

Abstract:   The present Search aims to identify the impact of  numbered heads Strategy in development of  Mathematical thinking For 4th graders in mathematics . The Search  sample was Intentionally chosen From the research community , and consist from (60) pupils From 4th graders at Zayed Ibn Thabet school For boys. With (30) pupils in each of two groups The experimental group which studied by the numbered heads Strategy and Control group Which Studied according to normal method. the research tool consist of a mathematical thinking test Consisting From(15) paragraph items in a  multiple – Choice format and then verified its validity and reliability of Cordor – Ritchardson (20) which reached 0.79 .The experiment was applied during the First Semester of the academic year (2022-2023) it When Started on Sunday coincidence (30/10/2022) and ended Thursday Coincidence (29/12/ 2022) and then applied the Mathematic thinking test After wards. And the data was analyzed statistically by using T- test For independent two Samples , the results Showed that there  Statistically Significant difference between two groups in the Mathematic thinking in favor of the  experimental group , in  the light of the Search results the Searcher Submitted numbers of the Recommendation and proposal.

Abstract:           The research sample consisted of 30 students, aged 10 years, selected using the stratified random sampling method from the fifth grade of Al-Awael Mixed Primary School and Asia Mixed Primary School, which were randomly selected in the Ninawa Directorate of Education. The sample children were divided into two equal groups: an experimental group of 15 students, including 15 boys, and a control group of 15 students, also including 15 boys. The researcher matched individuals in the experimental and control groups in terms of pre-test scores, life skills, age, father's education level, mother's education level, intelligence quotient, and average grade in science. The researcher prepared a life skills test and a science test for the fifth grade in its initial form, consisting of 35 items. After review by experts, 8 items were removed, resulting in a final test of 28 items, with the researcher assigning a score of 1 for correct answers and 0 for incorrect answers. Appropriate statistical methods were used to analyze the data, leading to final results that showed a statistically significant difference in pre- and post-test life skills scores among students in the experimental group in favor of the post-test application, with no statistically significant difference among students in the control group in the post-test positive thinking assessment. The effect size of the "Mind Mapping" strategy was found to be large according to Cohen's classification. The researcher provided several recommendations, including: 1. The attention of the training and preparation unit in the Ninawa Directorate of Education should focus on training teachers of all subjects, especially science teachers, in the "Mind Mapping" strategy. 2. Inclusion of the "Mind Mapping" strategy in the curriculum of the Teaching Methods and Educational Sciences courses in colleges of education. 3. Focus on educational programs that emphasize psychological concepts, personal abilities, and skills, as they are important in the lives and personalities of students.   Proposed Future Studies: In addition to the current research, the researcher proposes the following future studies: The impact of the "Mind Mapping" strategy on developing contemplative thinking and innovative behavior in fifth-grade students. The impact of the "Mind Mapping" strategy on developing comprehension skills and some social skills in fifth-grade students.

Abstract: The current research aims to find out the impact of the periodic survey model on the achievement of intermediate first-grade female students in the Arabic language subject. The researcher used the experimental design with two equal groups, one experimental and the other a control one. For girls / Mosul, the researcher conducted the equivalence between the two research groups in the following variables: chronological age, the degree of the Arabic language for the sixth grade of primary school, the educational level of the parents. Richardson (20) and may be in its final form of (30) paragraphs, after processing the data statistically using the T-test for two independent samples, the results showed that there was a statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the experimental and control groups in the achievement test in favor of the experimental group. the level of (0.05) between the experimental and control groups in the achievement test in favor of the experimental group.

Abstract: The main objective of this research is to identify the reasons for the failure of sixth-grade students in the subject of English language from the point of view of primary school teachers. The research also aims to understand the differences in the level of reasons for the failure of the sixth grade students in the subject of the English language based on the variables gender (male - female) and the side (right - left). Among the male and female teachers of primary schools in the center of Nineveh Governorate. The validity of the research tool was verified by presenting it to a group of teachers and specialists in the English language subject. Its stability was also verified using Cronbach's alpha equation, as the value of the stability coefficient for the research tool on the reasons for sixth-grade students' failure in the English subject was 85%. To study the severity score and weight percentile to analyze and interpret the results.The results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences between the answers of male and female teachers regarding the reasons for failure, which indicates the similarity of the answers between the two sexes.Researcher's recommendations:1- Using more sophisticated and effective means to attract students’ attention and increase their interest in the material, especially audio-visual means, including animations that show data show, as well as jackets with pictures, and the audio recorde .

Abstract: Abstract:The current research aims to identify social intelligence and its relationship to self-confidence among middle school teachers, as well as to identify the differences in the level of social intelligence and its relationship to self-confidence according to the gender variable (male-female). In addition, to identify the general level of the relationship between social intelligence and self-confidence among teachers. And middle school teachers in the district of Souq al-Shuyukh.The main research sample was selected from middle school teachers, which included (150) male and female teachers. They were randomly selected. Before starting the study, the researcher examined the reliability of his research tools by presenting them to a group of professors specializing in education and psychology, with the aim of verifying his apparent sincerity. Verify the sustainability of the two tools using the Alfa Cro-Nabach equation. The value of the reliability coefficient for the social intelligence tool was 83%, while the stability value for the self-confidence tool was 85%.The researcher conducted a statistical analysis using statistical methods for his study, including Cronbach's alpha equation, Pearson's correlation coefficient, in addition to the t-test related to one and two independent samples, as well as the t-test to estimate the significance of the correlation coefficient.The results revealed that there is a statistically significant difference between social intelligence and its relationship to self-confidence in preparatory schools between male and female teachers in the district of Souq Al-Shuyukh for males.Keywords: social intelligence, virtual honesty, preparatory schools

Abstract:           The current research aims to: 1. Identify the level of psychological stress among high-achieving students.  2. Determine the level of mental alertness among high-achieving students. 3. Investigate the relationship between the variables of psychological stress and mental alertness. 4. Identify the significance of differences in the level of psychological stress based on gender (males/females). 5. Identify the significance of differences in the level of mental alertness based on gender (males/females). The final sample for the study consisted of 200 male and female students selected randomly from high-achieving schools in Mosul for the academic year 2022-2023. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher developed a scale for psychological stress consisting of 38 items with response alternatives (applies greatly, applies moderately, does not apply). Additionally, a ready-made scale for mental alertness developed by Yassin (2022) was used, consisting of 40 items with response alternatives (applies very much, applies greatly, applies moderately, applies slightly, applies very little). The researcher verified the validity and reliability of the research tools and then statistically analyzed the research results. The research results indicated a relatively low level of psychological stress and a high level of mental alertness among high-achieving students. Furthermore, the results showed a statistically significant negative correlation at a significance level of (0.05) between psychological stress and mental alertness, indicating that as the level of mental alertness increases, the level of psychological stress decreases. This suggests that mental alertness enhances adaptive responses to cope with psychological stress, increases the ability to resist it, and reduces its effects. The results also revealed statistically significant differences in the degree of psychological stress based on gender, favoring females, as well as statistically significant differences in the level of mental alertness based on gender, favoring males.  In light of the results, the researcher recommends focusing on and providing necessary care for high-achieving students to optimize their potential and capabilities, as they represent the national wealth in every society and will have a significant impact on the progress and prosperity of nations. Additionally, the researcher suggests conducting studies based on training programs for students to understand the impact of mental alertness on increasing their motivation for achievement, as well as conducting a study on the relationship between psychological stress and personality traits.

Abstract: For the purpose of investigating the relationship between academic competence and administrative empowerment among middle and secondary school principals in the Khalis district of Diyala Governorate, the researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey method and correlational relations on a sample of (60) physical education teachers, using two measures of academic competence and administrative empowerment, and after adapting them, the researcher reached The most important conclusions are: There is a close and effective correlation between academic competence and administrative empowerment among middle and high school principals from the point of view of physical education teachers in the Khalis district. There are also differences between the male and female principals of these schools in terms of academic competence and administrative empowerment, in favor of the female principals. The researcher recommends the necessity of involving middle, secondary, and preparatory school principals in workshops and training courses to develop their administrative capabilities. Conducting various researches into the administrative aspects related to the work of middle school principals in Diyala Governorate. Keywords: academic competence, administrative empowerment, middle and high school principals.

Abstract: This research aims to identify the relationship between social support and the existential presence among students of the faculties of education in light of the variables of gender and scientific specialization. and history/college of education for human sciences for the academic year (2021-2022). To achieve the research objectives, the two researchers relied on the two scales of social support prepared by Al-Kalw (2020) and the existential presence prepared by Al-Mawla (2021). Their validity and stability were verified after adapting them to the current study. After that, they applied the two tools to the members of the basic research sample collected the data and analyzed it statistically using the t-test for one sample and the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results indicated:- There is a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the achieved arithmetic averages for the research sample individuals and the hypothetical average for both variables and the total (social support and existential presence are good) and in favor of the achieved arithmetic and total averages.- A positive statistically significant correlation is directed at the level (0.05) between the variables of research and college (social support and existential presence) according to gender and scientific specialization.In light of the results, the two researchers arrived at several conclusions, in addition to presenting several recommendations and suggestions for several proposals for future research.

Abstract: This study sheds light on the socio-religious life in Ramallah as described by the traveler Elihu Grant's book:" The People of Palestine ". The second edition has been published in Philadelphia and London in 1921 AD.  The importance of this study lies in the information in the book which is the result of Grant's daily observations in Ramallah in the period between the years (1901-1904).It refers to the most important narratives of the reason for the emergence of Ramallah, the most important families that inhabited it, its religious life, its religious groups (Christians and Muslims) and their doctrines and rituals and the ways of choosing Christian clerics and their dress. It also tackles the tasks of their superiors, their most important festivals, the sanctity of their religious places, and the relationship between Muslims and Christians there.As for the social life, the study deals with the most important families of Ramallah, its marriage customs, the celebration of the birth of children, the deaths and the accompanying rituals, the tasks of women and their duties, the types of food and drink, the dress of women and men, holidays and occasions, and some of the events that occurred in Ramallah at that time, such as epidemics and earthquakes.

Abstract: The study aims to identify the infiltration characteristics of the soil of the Bashiqa region. This was done by identifying (18) sites distributed over the study area that were chosen on natural grounds. Experiments were conducted to measure infiltration in the field using a cylindrical plunger. Soil infiltration rates were measured in each site. The selected sites in the study area and during the specified time periods, which were each of (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 16, 32, 64, 90, 120) minutes, which included the initial infiltration rate and the infiltration rate. Cumulative, and the results of the field work analysis of the infiltration experiments after applying the Kostakov equation during (120) minutes showed that the values of the initial infiltration depth varied between (0.004) cm/minute in the sites of (Qulan Tappe, Klija, Bukhai, Hassan Shami, and Orta Kharab) as the lowest percentage. The highest rate was 0.020 cm/min at the Bahzani site with an average of 0.0068%, and the values of the cumulative infiltration depth varied between 1.314 cm/min at the Jabal Bashiqa site the lowest rate and 5.360 cm/min. On the site (Bahzani) the highest percentage with an average of (2.49761)%

Abstract: This study aims to analyze and study the river islands located on the Tigris River between the Wana regulatory dam and Badoush dam, for the purpose of identifying the reasons for the formation of these islands, knowing their geomorphic characteristics, and identifying the most important changes that occurred in the study area. Reliance is made on topographic maps and satellite visuals for the years 1990 and 2022, in addition to studying geology, climate, and factors affecting the emergence and development of riverine islands in the region, and determining the quantities of water discharge to the river to understand its impact on the river islands. The results show clear changes in the locations, sizes and numbers of river islands in the study area. These changes are due to changes in the amounts of water discharge to the river between 1990 and 2022. The results also demonstrate the importance of geological, climatic and topographical factors in the formation of riverine islands. The importance of this study is to increase our understanding of the changes that occur on river islands over a period of more than thirty years. The contribution of the results and analyzes lies in determining the factors affecting the formation and development of river islands in the studied area. Accordingly, the study sheds light on the major changes in the numbers, locations, sizes and shapes of riverine islands in the study area between 1990 and 2022. It also discusses the most important factors influencing these changes.

Abstract: The research aims to understand the political and military role of the Marinid Sultans in Al-Andalus. The research is divided into an introduction, five main points, and a conclusion. It discussed in the first phase the conquest of the city of Sherish led by Prince Abu Zayyan Mandil in the year 673 H (1274 CE). It also covered other military campaigns on cities such as Cordoba, Seville, Istiqa, and Al-Wadi Al-Kabir led by Sultan Abu Yusuf Ya'qub (656-684 H / 1258-1286 CE). The second phase, in the year 676 H (1277 CE), led by Sultan Abu Yusuf Ya'qub, resulted in the control of Mount Ashraf and other fortifications like Qatitanah and Jilyanah, as well as Qal'at al-Qala'a. The Sultan himself conducted military campaigns in the same year on the forts of Rota, the Zahra Fortress, and the cities of Cordoba and Malaga.The third phase addressed Sultan Abu Yusuf Ya'qub's crossing in the year 681 H (1282 CE) to the cities of Cordoba, Jaen, and the outskirts of Tlitlat. The fourth crossing in the year 684 H (1285 CE) involved a military campaign on the cities of Sherish, Seville, Qarmuna, and Istiqa during the reign of Sultan Abu Yusuf Ya'qub. The fifth and final crossing was a military campaign in the year 690 H (1291 CE) on the city of Sherish, but it failed, and the Marinid fleet was defeated during the reign of Sultan Yusuf bin Ya'qub (685-706 H / 1286-1306 CE). Additionally,

Abstract: Since 1979, US-Iranian relations have worsened and reached the point of political estrangement to the present time. The United States has great interests in the region, especially since it is a major source of energy (oil and gas), Iran is one of the major countries in the region with political, economic and ideological ambitions that seek to have influence and a role in the region. Formulating political and security projects in the region. Under these endeavors and aspirations, the region entered a state of instability, and Afghanistan was one of the victims of the strained relations between the United States and Iran, which negatively affected the political, economic and security conditions in it, because the two countries have great influence in Afghanistan over all At all levels, which allowed the Taliban movement to regain its strength and return to the Afghan scene, which led to almost recognition of it again, whether it was from the Afghan government, the United States or Iran.

Abstract: SummaryIbn al-Imad focused in his book Shazarat al-Dhahab on the annual system, which was common among authors and writers, but he singled out an accurate description of events and deaths, so he tolerated his private and public approach at the same time.And we gave up the civilizational data of the Moroccan cities in his book, which was fragments and moments were scattered, especially in the cities of Morocco. His book was documented from Oriental, Moroccan and Andalusian sources that we mentioned in his approach later.The research department has several sections, including the first topic, the author’s biography and his approach, the second topic is the political situation, and the third topic is the scientific case. We touched on the most important political and scientific events in the cities of Marrakesh, Fez and Tangier, with what appeared to us in these fragments. Its presence on the Moroccan side, and we relied on mentioning the sources that supported and contradicted every event mentioned by Ibn al-Imad, including the Book of Deaths by Ibn Qunfuth of Constantinople, the book al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh by Ibn al-Atheer, and the book History of Islam by Hassan Ibrahim Hassan and Langlo to search for a deficiency or error except the book of God Almighty.

Abstract: Natural factors are considered one of the most important controls that control and affect the production of agricultural crops in any region, which requires continued monitoring and follow-up of its development to develop management and investment programs. within the study area. As the spatial analysis of agricultural production in Al-Mahalabiya sub-district of Mosul District within Nineveh Governorate is one of the important agricultural areas as it is the main pillar of the population in the study area. A model of spatial suitability was built for the purpose of knowing and identifying the best spatial suitability places using spatial analysis tools within an environment (Arc GIS 10.8.2), as well as the aim of the model is to design a map of spatial suitability of agricultural land in the study area and the possibility of using it in other regions For the same study problem , The study also included conclusions and recommendations .

Abstract: This research addresses an aspect of the economic life in the villages of the Tabaristan region, which is trade both domestically and internationally. This is important due to the region's commercial significance, attributed to its distinctive geographical location, which has made it a connecting link between China and India on one hand, and the regions of the Islamic East on the other. Additionally, the influential social activity in the growth and development of trade in this region is evident in the Tabaristanis' love for trade and the breadth of markets.

Abstract: This study examines the educational roles in the institutions of knowledge in the city of Jerusalem during the first half of the 18th century AD, through the records of the Jerusalem Sharia Court, as a primary source in the research due to the vast amount of rich and important information it contains about the precise details of various aspects of daily life. The study revealed that most of the roles were related to religious education in reading the Quran and the Prophet's sayings. In addition to teaching intellectual and transmitted sciences, the roles varied within an educational hierarchy that begins with the tutor who teaches children to memorize the Quran in private offices, then education moves to various educational institutions such as mosques, notably Al-Aqsa Mosque, schools, zawiyas, and charitable institutions. The roles range from teacher to assistant and to the highest ranks of the profession, the sheikh. The Ottoman state paid great attention and care to the holders of these positions, granting them special titles and allocating financial resources disbursed from the endowments allocated to educational institutions, as well as funds from Rome and Egypt. This prompted the holders of these positions to make them hereditary for their descendants.                                                                                                       

Abstract: Mansi Musa is considered one of the greatest rulers of Western Sudan in general, and the rulers of the Mali Empire in particular. He took over its rule after a period of weakness and division, and restored its prestige and status, after eliminating his rivals and ending the rebellions of the desert tribes. During his rule, which lasted from the year (707-733 AH / 1312-1337 AD), he was able to impose his control over all the dependent regions. He also worked to communicate with the Islamic countries, in the Islamic Maghreb, Egypt, and the countries of the Hijaz, through the exchange of visits and embassies between him and the kings of those countries, in addition to the Hajj trip to the Grand Mosque, a trip that remained immortal in Islamic history. He also worked to bring in competent Arab engineers to create buildings for him in the Arab-Islamic style, such as Abu Ishaq Al-Sahili, and the jurist engineer Abu Abdullah Al-Fayoumi, and they created luxurious buildings for him, such as the Sankari Mosque, which later became one of the largest universities in Western Sudan.

Abstract: This study aims to reveal the efforts of the Umayyad state in establishing water supply facilities in the Shamm, particularly during the rule of the Marwanid dynasty, and to highlight its variety, function and the variety of its construction method, which indicates a clear engineering genius that transcends the previous architectural style, and was established in the Shamm based on the environmental and geographical characteristics of the area, and by tracing the various original sources and recent archaeological excavations, in order to meet the daily needs and irrigate agricultural lands, and it appeared how the state made great efforts to protect such installations, and how management methods evolved and used them to protect their privacy, and such projects must have an impact on the life of the population and its impact on all aspects of life can be determined through the results of this study, water projects were also distinguished by their differences in type, function, and construction method. The Umayyad's used the optimal method that suits the environmental nature and accommodates previous construction methods, through an Islamic perspective. The construction materials used were sensitive to the specificity of the local environment. The Umayyad state made great efforts to preserve Water projects to meet daily needs and water agricultural fields

Abstract:           This research focuses on the social reality of the Jews of Yugoslavia, who are divided into Sephardic and Ashkenazi. They migrated to the Yugoslav territories from different regions and at different times. Their population at the establishment of the Yugoslav state in 1918 was approximately 64,746, which accounted for 0.5% of the total population of Yugoslavia, estimated at around 12 million according to the 1921 census. The majority of the Sephardic Jews were from Andalusia (Spain) and immigrated to Yugoslavia in the 16th century due to the persecution they faced. On the other hand, the Ashkenazi Jews, mostly from Eastern Europe, migrated to Yugoslavia in the 19th century due to mistreatment. Their different historical and cultural experiences resulted in distinctions between the two communities in terms of language, religious practices, and culture. The Yugoslav state recognized them as a religious minority rather than a national one, and the Yugoslav Jews established an official religious institution representing all their sects to the state (the Union of Jewish Religious Communities). They also founded numerous humanitarian, cultural, scientific, and sports associations and had several newspapers. The majority of Yugoslav Jews lived in cities and excelled in professions such as banking, commerce, and industry. Politically, most Yugoslav Jews adhered to the Zionist movement, despite the emergence of opposing movements such as the Integrationist Jews and the Sephardic movement. Yugoslav Jews supported the idea of Jewish nationalism, but not in Palestine, as envisioned by the Zionist movement. The research is divided into an introduction and two sections, with the first section addressing the social reality of Yugoslav Jews, both Sephardic and Ashkenazi, and the second section tracing the political activity of Yugoslav Jews. The research relied on various foreign sources, including English, Serbian, and Croatian documents, as well as several Arabic sources.

Abstract: The current study aimed to: Identify the significance of differences between the conditions of moderate heat (24 C± 1) and cold conditions (15 C± 1) on a number of respiratory system variables (respiratory rate (RR), breath volume (TV), pulmonary ventilation (V̇E)) and (heart rate (HR), Completion time (Ct)) at rest and after performing the cardiorespiratory effort test (CPET).Researcher used descriptive approach due to its suitability for nature of the study. As for the research sample, it consisted of (8) randomly selected individuals, whose ages ranged between (22-24 years), who practiced physical activity. The final experiment was conducted in two different thermal conditions, once in the moderate temperature condition (24 C± 1) and humidity (30-40%), and other in cold temperature circumstance (15 C± 1) on the study sample in complete rest,and immediately after completing the physical effort (CPET).The researcher reached the following conclusions:• Condition in cold environment leads to a significant increase in comfort in the variables (TV, V̇E, HR) and at the end of the physical effort in the variable(RR) compared with conditions of temperate environment.• Condition in cold environment did not lead to a significant increase in comfort in the variable (RR) and at the end of the effort in the variables (TV, V̇E, HR) compared with the conditions of the temperate environment.• Condition in cold environment during physical effort did not play a clear negative or positive role in (Ct) in terms of time of end of effort compared to condition in the moderate environment.

Abstract: - Learn about the degree of self-confidence among volleyball players in the Kurdistan region . - Learn about the degree of competitive behavior of volleyball players in the Kurdistan region . - Learn about the relationship between self-confidence and competitive behavior of volleyball players in the Kurdistan region . The researcher used the descriptive method using the correlational method in order to suit the nature of the research and its problem : The research community consisted of volleyball players for the sports clubs (Sennacherib, Akkad Ankawa, Darbandikhan, Sulaymaniyah, Al-Armani, Qaraqosh, Fatat Erbil) And participation in the northern region’s clubs in the Kurdistan Region Volleyball League (2022-2023), numbering (101) players from A total of (7) clubs. The research sample consisted of (80) female players and a percentage of (207.79) of the population distributed among the clubs. (6) female players were excluded for not completing the questionnaire, in addition to (10) female players being excluded due to their participation in the survey experiment and (5) ) players for the purposes of stability, and the researcher relied on analyzing the results on the following statistical methods (percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, hypothetical mean, Pearson correlation coefficient) and the -Volleyball players for in the Kurdistan region have a positive degree of self -confidence . - It was found that volleyball players in the Kurdistan region have a positive degree of competitive behavior . -The emergence of a moral correlation between self -confidence and the competitive behavior of volleyball players . . .

Abstract: The current research aims to reveal the differences between the two measurements (pre and post tests) in the values of some segmental body composition for three groups of exercises (maximum strength, strength endurance and strength characterized by speed). Additionally, the research aims to reveal the differences between measurements and post-tests for the three research groups in the values of a number of body composition and its parts. The researchers used the experimental method for its suitability and the nature of the research. The researchers deliberately selected the research population from the students of the third stage, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, College of Basic Education, University of Mosul, for the academic year (2022-2023). They were distributed among the three research groups randomly, and the final number of the sample was The research included (30) students divided into (9) students for the first experimental group (maximum strength), (8) students for the second experimental group (strength extension), and (13) students for the third experimental group (strength characterized by speed). The number of training units for the training curriculum was (24) training units, at (3) training units per week for (8) weeks. The researcher used the following statistical methods: (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t-test for corelated samples, one-way analysis of variance, and transmission ratio). The statistical package (Spss) was used to analyze the data. . The researcher reached at a set of conclusions, the most important of which were the following: When comparing the two pre-measurements to identify the effect of the three training programs on the measured physical characteristics, a clear difference emerged between the pre- and post-measurements for all physical variables and for the three research groups (maximum strength, strength endurance and strength characterized by speed). When comparing the three research groups (maximum strength, strength endurance and strength characterized by speed) in the post-measurements of the measured physical characteristics, it was revealed that a small difference appeared between the three research groups, except for the variable (force characterized by speed (Squatting)), which showed a clear change between the research groups. All three. When comparing the three research groups (maximum force, strength endurance, strength characterized by speed) in the post-measurements of body composition variables and its parts, it was revealed that a slight difference appeared between the three research groups.

Abstract: Kickboxing is the art of self-defense using the hands and feet in accordance with recognized international principles and rules. It is one of the movement activities characterized by a rapid change in offensive, defensive and counter-attack skills. In which play continues until the last second from the beginning of the playing time until the end of the three rounds. This requires the player to have an advanced level of kickboxing fitness. Both Ali Fahmi Al-Beik and Imad Al-Din Abbas (2003 AD) state that the athlete cannot optimally perform the basic motor skills of the activity he is practicing unless he has the necessary physical capabilities required to execute the skill, and that using exercises that are similar in their motor structure to the movements performed during competition is considered a preparation. Direct to the player and one of the means of developing the player’s training condition is that repeatedly performing the skill in situations similar to match situations plays a major role in developing the physical capabilities of these skills.   Lance & Buttsm & Michelsm (2006) believe that tactical preparation is the compound in which all types of preparation are mixed to achieve the goal of training. It is the result of developing the individual’s physical and skill condition and applying them in interconnectedness and integration. Jamal Muhammad Alaa Al-Din, Nahid Anwar Al-Sabbagh (2007) indicate that analysis is considered the logical means by which the phenomenon under investigation is dealt with as if it were divided into parts or basic elements. To give a quantitative estimate of competitive activity, it becomes necessary to conduct an objective recording of the events and facts of this match.   Ahmed Mahmoud Ibrahim (2002) states that the process of training in different tactical situations greatly helps the player acquire many temporal neural connections and helps in repeating tactical behavior in similar situations. The player comprehends a large number of previously trained tactical sentences that are not repeated in all their details within a period of time. Competition, but in a close or similar way, which requires quick thinking and action in light of previous acquired experiences. Also, good preparation of skills and good tactical thinking does not benefit from it to a great extent unless the player has a great degree of general and specific physical abilities. The more those abilities improve for the player, the more he will continue to execute. The tactical technique required until the end of the match without stress

Abstract: The aim of the study is to investigate the significance of statistical differences in a number of physical variables and performance in a 5000-meter run among participants between the pre-test and post-test for the group using the percentage ratios (90% aerobic training and 10% anaerobic training). Additionally, the study seeks to identify the significance of statistical differences in a number of physical variables and performance in a 5000-meter run among participants between the pre-test and post-test for the group using the percentage ratios (70% aerobic training and 30% anaerobic training). Furthermore, the research aims to recognize the significance of statistical differences in a number of physical variables and performance in a 5000-meter run among the two experimental research groups using different energy production systems in the post-test. The researcher utilized an experimental approach suitable for the nature of the research. The research experiment was conducted on a purposive sample of long-distance runners, specifically 10 participants, in Nineveh province for the sports season of 2022. This sample was divided into two experimental groups using the matched pairs method based on performance in the 5000-meter run, with 5 participants in each group. The homogeneity of the research sample was tested in terms of chronological age, training age, height, and mass. Equivalence between the two research groups was also tested in the physical variables addressed in the research, in addition to the performance in the 5000-meter run. The experimental design used was the randomized equivalent groups with pre-test and post-test. The following statistical methods were employed: mean, standard deviation, t-test for related samples, t-test for independent samples, percentage, effect size, Cohen's d, eta squared, and the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) for data processing. The researcher concluded that the two training programs implemented by the first and second experimental groups resulted in significant progress in all physical variables (general endurance, speed endurance, maximum transitional speed, and power endurance) and a significant improvement in the performance in the 5000-meter run. The effect size was large for all variables except for power endurance, for which the effect size was moderate. Despite the significant progress in both groups in general endurance and maximum transitional speed, the results showed no significant superiority of one group over the other in these two variables.

Abstract: AbstractThe history of physical education is related to human history from the beginning of the universe until our time, and the history of physical education includes a description of sports and educational events in the sports field and the recording of those successive events through the ages, Therefore, the study of the history of physical education is of great importance to workers in the sports field, including teachers and coaches, because their success in their mission depends on their full understanding of the steps and stages that the physical education has gone through and the full awareness of the principles, systems and methods that they passed from time to time, and the researchers want through this research Knowing the history of the Student Activities Department at the University of Mosul and who are the managers who have been managing it since its establishment to the present time, as well as knowing the sports, artistic, cultural and scouting activities of this department for the academic years (2017-2018) and (2018-2019).

Abstract: The research aims to identify the differences in the distances traveled and high speeds between the teams in the semi-finals of the World Cup (2022) in football, and the researchers assumed the existence of non-statistically significant differences in the distances traveled and high speeds between the teams in the semi-finals of the World Cup (2022) in football, and used The descriptive approach was based on the causal comparison method due to its suitability to the nature of the research. The research sample was chosen in a deliberate manner, represented by the players of the Golden Square teams of the World Cup (2022), who numbered (4) teams. The distances traveled and high speeds were determined through the International Federation for Analysis Program, and the researchers used the arithmetic mean. , standard deviation, and one-way analysis of variance as statistical methods, and the researchers reached the following conclusions:- There is no difference in the distances traveled and high speeds during the real time of the matches between the semi-finals of the World Cup (2022).In light of the aforementioned conclusions, the researchers recommend the following:- Emphasis on using these statistics while training the teams participating in the World Cup tournaments because of their great importance.- The need for fitness trainers to pay attention to developing the physical fitness elements that football players need so that the player can achieve these statistics in world championships.

Abstract:           The current research aims to: - Develop a counselling program to enhance the level of psychological flow and reduce psychological pressure for Al-Ain football players. - Assess the effectiveness of the counselling program in enhancing the psychological flow and reducing psychological pressure for Al-Ain football players. - Identify differences in post-tests between the experimental and control groups in psychological flow and psychological pressure for Al-Ain football players.           To achieve these objectives, the researcher assumed the following: - There are statistically significant differences in pre-and post-tests for the research variables in the experimental group. - There are statistically significant differences in pre-and post-tests for the research variables in the control group. - There are statistically significant differences in post-tests for the research variables between the experimental and control groups.           The researcher employed an experimental approach suitable for the nature of the research. The research population consisted of players from the University of Mosul's team and Al-Hadbah Sports Club, totaling 32 players evenly distributed between the two teams (16 players per team). The sample for the University of Mosul's team consisted of 8 players for each experimental and control group, while the survey sample from Al-Hadbah Sports Club included 6 players. The researcher used measures of psychological flow and psychological pressure, and the counselling program developed by the researcher was applied to the experimental group, while the control group did not undergo this program. The researcher used the statistical program SPSS to extract the results and arrived at conclusions and recommendations, including: - The effectiveness of the program developed by the researcher and its positive impact on enhancing psychological flow and reducing psychological pressure for Al-Ain football players. - The presence of statistically significant differences in post-tests between the control and experimental groups. The researcher recommended: - Emphasizing counselling programs due to their clear impact on raising the team's psychological aspects. - The necessity of having a sports psychologist alongside the coach to assist players and address their psychological needs. - Conducting similar studies as the game is modern and requires more attention and understanding.

Abstract: The study focused on anthropometric measurements and their relationship with the hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) and its role in the incidence of gallstones for both sexes, where 97 samples were collected from patients with gallstones and 83 samples as a control group. The results showed that the decrease in the hormone level compared to an increase in glucose, uric acid, bilirubin, creatinine, urea, and body mass index (BMI) for a group of people with gallstones compared with the control group, and that the infection rate in women is higher than in males, and age is a major factor that affects hormone levels and reduces activity cholecystokinin hormone. Women of fertile age are usually more susceptible to gallstones due to increased obesity around the abdominal area and pregnancy. The incidence rate is almost equal with advancing age after the age of fifty due to menopause in women.Finally, this study discovered a relationship between a decrease in the cholecystokinin hormone and an increase the risk factor of formation of gallstones, which have a strong role, especially in people who are obese with age.

Abstract: In this work, the impact of "Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) Plasma jet" (5.47 watt) on germination and activation of Squash seeds (Cucurbita pepo L.) was studied at different times. The seeds were divided into (soaked seeds and dry seeds). After the process of exposing the seeds, measurements have been taken for three characteristics of germination (root length, shoot length, number of leaves). The results show that exposing the plasma jet on the seeds soaked with water is better than dry seeds. The results of exposure to the seeds are shown at the length of viability at the exposure time of (5 min), outperforming the control by 15.80 % while there was no effect at (0.5 min), as it turned out that there is a during various exposure periods (0.5, 1, 3, 5 min) along the shoot and the number of leaves compared to the control. This confirms that the discharge of the plasma dielectric barrier contributes to stimulating the seeds and increasing their germination rate.

Abstract:           The current study aims to investigate the tissue lesions induced by Poppy anemone in pregnant mice. The administration of Poppy anemone (200,400 and 600 mg/kg) begins from days 7-8 of pregnancy. The results showed an increase in the rate of deaths and miscarriages in pregnant female mice with an increase in the concentration used. The uterine horns also showed a difference in the distribution of embryos, the appearance of bleeding cases and the accumulation of fatty materials. Some absorbed embryos also appeared. As for histological changes in the skin of the fetuses, there was edema around the hair follicles and between the collagenous fibers of the dermis layer and around the skin, sweat, and sebaceous glands, presence of edema between the epidermis layer and the dermis, congestion of capillaries, the divergence of collagen fibers in the dermis of the skin, hyperkeratosis of the epidermis, presence of hydrophilic degeneration in the spiny cell layer of the epidermis, rarefaction of the white fibers of the dermis and congestion of blood capillaries.

Abstract: Background Due to the effect of herbicide on the soil, which changes the natural fluorescence, which prevents the growth of bacteria that fix nitrogen and an imbalance, occurs between the organisms that live in the soil. Harmful organisms present in the soil increase until they become a pest. This study came. Methodology Studying the effects of glyphosate on nitrogen-fixing bacteria like Azospirillum normally includes a combination of laboratory and field trials. An overarching framework for conducting such studies is outlined below. Results The average number of Azospirillum cells at each concentration and in the control group shown by the mean values. There were more total counts of Azospirillum in the control group, suggesting a higher mean (8200.00) without glyphosate. There appears to be a dose-dependent effect of glyphosate on Azospirillum count, with the mean values decreasing as the concentration of glyphosate rises from 5% to 20%. The p-values give us an idea of how significant the results are. A p-value of 0.00001 for the 5% concentration level implies an extremely low likelihood of achieving the observed results if there were no meaningful effect.

Abstract: Maltese fever is one of the most common diseases in Iraq caused by the Brucella . It is zoonotic diseases. Brucellosis leads to abortion in animals, and it also causes serious systemic diseases in humans as a result of infection, which is mainly through eating dairy products, as well as direct contact with infected animals. Culture and serological tests were used to diagnose Brucellosis. The results showed that the bacterial isolates is of Brucella melitensis. The serological results showed that females are more susceptible to infection with Brucellosis than males. The positive samples in females reached to (70) out of (100) samples, while the positive samples in males reached to (54) out of (100) samples. On the other hand, the number of negative samples, which refer to that was no infection with Brucellosis in females and males, is (30) and (46) samples out of (100), respectively, the total number is (200) samples, including (124) positive samples and the other (76) negative samples. The study included different ages. Despite the spread of Brucellosis in all age groups, the most infections are recorded in the age group (21-30) years, it is reached (55) positive samples out of (70), followed by the age group (10-20) which was (29) positive samples out of (56) samples.

Abstract: Gallstones are abnormal stone masses that form in the gallbladder or hepatic bile ducts and rarely migrate into the bile duct or intestine. The gallbladder can be affected by cholelithiasis, which consists of insoluble substances (usually cholesterol or bilirubin) due to the breakdown of hemoglobin; Or from other substances in the bile that form crystals in the gallbladder and turn into solid stones. The study began in the ninth month of 2021 and continued until the fifth month of 2022. (110) blood serum samples were collected (60 samples for patients and 50 samples for healthy controls) after the patient fasted for a period of no less than (12) hours from the operating rooms (before Surgery was performed at Al-Zahrawi and Al-Salam Teaching Hospitals in Mosul. As for the control group, blood samples were collected after the donor was instructed to fast as well, and an ultrasound was taken for them by specialized doctors in the hospitals mentioned above in addition to Ibn Sina Hospital. The samples were divided into two groups as follows: The first group consisted of patients with cholelithiasis who were diagnosed by male and female specialist doctors of different ages. The second group was the control group, which included collecting blood serum samples obtained from healthy individuals from both sexes after ensuring their safety, provided that they were close in age to the first group.       The study included measuring some biochemical variables in the blood serum of both patient and control groups. The measured variables are (the level of total protein TP, albumin, globulin, cholesterol (CHO), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), bilirubin (BIL), vitamin C, and iron (Fe).

Abstract: This research focused on the preparation of new zeolite by hydrothermal method after analysis and purifying the clay ores and using their components (silicates and aluminates) into the preparation of zeolite that were separated from these ores by chemical methods. The clay ores were pre- diagnosed through chemical analysis, X-ray fluorescence and diffraction(XRF & XRD). The zeolite was prepared using the structure-directing agent (Triethylene glycol anhydrous), then the zeolite was loaded with transition metals of (Ag, Cu, Co, Ni and Cr) as well as (Na, K and Ca). Then, the zeolite samples were studied using (XRD), (XRF), BET method, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that the prepared zeolite have a good porous and crystal structure, beside the good surface area, which was (70.239 m2/gm) and reached to (106.759 m2/gm) in the Cr-loaded zeolite. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared zeolite samples was studied and it was found that the zeolite samples loaded with (Ag, Cu and Ni) are the best in terms of antibacterial activity towards Staphylococcus and Candida albicans.

Abstract: This study deals with the preparation and investigation of a number of new complexes of Cu(II) , Zn(II) , Hg(II) , Ag(I) , Pt(IV) and Pb(II).The complexes were formed by the reaction of the mentioned metal ions with the ligand which is derived from oxadiazole, 2–cyclohexy lthio–5–phenyl–1,3,4–oxadiazole (OXC) in the molar ratio (1:1) , (1:2) and (1:3) (metal to ligand ).The prepared complexes having general formulae :   [M(OXC)Cl2]                       [M(OXC)X2]H2O M= Cu(II) , Zn(II)                M= Hg(II) , Pb(II)             X= NO3-, CH3COO-            [M(OXC)2 ]X2                       M = Cu (II), Zn (II), Hg (II), Pb (II)                     X= Cl–, NO3-, CH3COO- [Pt(OXC)3]Cl4                       [Ag(OXC)]NO3 OXC = 2–cyclohexyl thio–5–phenyl–1,3,4–oxadiazole    These complexes have been characterized by variety of chemical, physical and spectroscopic techniques, such as elemental analysis, molar conductance, Infrared absorption spectra, electronic spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements. These studies indicate that the tetracoordinate complexes have square planer structure and the hexacoordinate complexes have octahedral structure while bidentate complex for Ag(I) have been found to have non-linear (deviated) structure.

Abstract: The topic of regression analysis is receiving increasing and clear attention in most studies, especially economic and medical ones. The nonparametric regression model in general and the multiple nonparametric regression model in particular is one of the most important and prominent regression models used in recent years, which have witnessed great expansion, especially in the economic and environmental aspects. The Multivariate Nadaraya-Watson estimator is one of the most important estimators used in the multiple nonparametric regression model. In estimating the multiple nonparametric regression model, this estimator, in turn, relies on a matrix of parameters called smoothing parameters, the estimation of which is of great importance in achieving good fit of the estimated curve in the multiple nonparametric regression model. In this research, it was proposed to employ an algorithm inspired by nature, represented by the Fireflies algorithm, in the process of estimating the smoothing parameter matrix (Bandwidth matrix) in the Ndaria-Watson multiple estimator. The Monte Carlo simulation method was also used to generate data following a number of multiple nonparametric regression models. The simulation results showed the superiority of the proposed method compared to other estimation methods, using the mean square error as a standard for comparison.

Abstract:           The problem of multicollinearity, which occurs as a result of high correlation and linear dependence between two or more explanatory variables in a model, is one of the most important issues in model building, negatively affecting the parameter estimation process of the regression model. This study aims to review the shrinkage estimators used to address the problem of multicollinearity that appears in the zero-inflated Poisson regression model. This model is one of the most commonly used models when the response variable data have countable values and are not normally distributed. Through Monte Carlo simulation experiments, it was found that the shrinkage estimator with two parameters is the best proposed estimator due to its reduction of the model's mean square error.

Abstract: Many people worldwide, use more than one language in their daily speech whether, intentionally or unintentionally. In Sociolinguistics, this phenomenon is called codeswitching. People who use this linguistic practice are called bilinguals or multilingual. This study aims to identify and analysis the various types of codeswitching employed by YouTube’s influencers in their channels, as well as the factors that affects its usages. To achieve the aims the study hypothesizes that intra-sentential codeswitching is the most frequently used type by YouTube’s influencers. Females use codeswitching more than males. It is found that intra-sentential codeswitching is the most commonly used among the other types. Codeswitching can occur at any syntactic level. Females YouTube’s influencers use codeswitching more than males. It is concluded that the highest percentage of codeswitching used by YouTube’s influencers relies on their need to be trendy, habitual use, show off, attract attention, on the one hand, and for lexical needs on the other. such as mostly the absence of lexical equivalence.

Abstract: The present study sets out to investigate the phenomenon of negation in both English and Arabic languages. The problem of the study lies in that English and Arabic differ in the way they negate clauses and sentences. Further, they use various devices to achieve negation. The study aims at examining negation types in both English and Arabic languages. Secondly, looking at the negation of clause elements in both languages. Thirdly, bringing devices employed for expressing negation in each language to light. Fourthly, disclosing types of negation in both languages. Finally, observing the use of negative correlatives in each language. To achieve these aims, the study puts forward the hypothesis that there is a difference between the two languages concerning negation. As for the analysis of the data, the study has adapted Quirk et al. (1973). It is found that the two languages show some similarities and a lot of differences in the way they negate sentences.