Abstract: The current research aims to identify the availability of effective teaching skills for both male and female teachers of preparatory schools and Its relation with some variables (e.g. sex ,years of experience and academic qualifications). The sample was (63) teachers divided into (25) male and (38) female teachers who teach in the preparatory schools of governarate general for the acadimic year 2006_2007. To realize the aims of the research, the two researchers , prepared a tool, consisted of (58) items and divided into (8) aspects dealing with effective teaching skills, both the stability and reliability of the tool were verified .By using the appropriate statistical means the results analysis showed that both male and female teachers of preparatory school apply the skill of presenting the material in a good way by connecting the previous lesson with the new one and explaning the main themes at the beginning of the lesson. The results also showed the lack of use of teaching aids and lack of extra curriculum readings related to the material. The results did not show statistically significant differences in the responses of the sample for their application of effective teaching principles according to sex except(4) items which were in favour of the females. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the responses of male and female teachers of applying principles of effective teaching according to specialization with in favor of scientific teaching . There was no statistically significant difference between the responses of teachers in applying principles of effective teaching attributed to years of experience. Reviewing the results, the researchers assured the use of teaching aides, the necessity of keeping in touch with extra curriculum readings related to the material preparatory high school teachers. The two researchers suggest a similar study to this one at the intermediate school.

Abstract: The research aimed to recognize the level of psychological pressures and its sources amongst students at the college of education –University of Mosul and its relationship with students level of psychological stiffness amongst them, as well as the effect of certain variables on both the psychological pressures and psychological stiffness amongst students of the college of education methoud and the psychological stiffness amongst them. The researcher has applied the descriptive analytical and the research sample has consisted of (843) male and female students which represent about (17%) of the study population, a total of (5072) male and female students from all departments. The researcher has used two scales for measurement; the first is a pre-set scale to measure psychological pressures and the other, which was prepared by the researcher, is to measure the extent of their psychological stiffness. The validity and the stability of both tools were verified. The study has attained a set of findings, the most important of which are as follows: - The level of psychological pressure amongst students of the college of education was (79.85) and their average psychological stiffness was (81.41). - The study has shown that there are significant statistical differences amongst students of the college of education regarding the level of psychological pressure and psychological stiffness ascribed to the sex variable and in favor of male students. In other words, psychological pressures and psychological stiffness are higher amongst male students compared to female students. - The study has shown that there are significant statistical differences amongst students of the college of education regarding the level of psychological pressure and psychological stiffness and in favor of scientific specialization. - The study has shown that there are significant statistical differences amongst students of the college of education regarding the level of psychological pressure and psychological stiffness pursuant to class variable and in favor of the 4th class. The study has recommended that the university, educators and teachers in particular should establish guidance programs to promote the knowledge of university students of the concept of psychological pressure and the affecting factors as well as improving the terms of study in the university.

Abstract: Unspoken communication works as a connection and expands interaction among the members of an organization and probably as a way to built it. to provide cooperation and understanding which limits the usuall changeable behaviour patterns which are unconnected with special kinds of people these patterns are influnced apprehension, directions, intentions and available opportunity to achieve the target continuously As such , the exchange in the ideas and information is achieved. to find correlation, and trust between the human elements in the organization . When there Is an intraction between pronounced communication and unspoken communication,this leads to an increase in the activity between the managers and officials in the organization and among colleagues in the working climat. And if we depend on spoken communication theme will be a difficulity in explaining the spoken and written because the body expressions include different shapes,like head movements eyes and face expression,which is used to express love, anger, happenies, fearful, disqust, jealousy: We find these shapes refer to one of the important problems faced by the managers and influence the behaviour of the workers. From here, we appoint to the problem of study through asking some question such as: 1- Is unspoken communication used in the best way by the organization chosen as the sample of study? 2- Is unspoken communication important in referring to the behaviour patterns in the colleges under research? To answer the research questions above and to limit the connections and the influence between the studying dimension . We use several analytical means which are distributed among the workers in these research colleges . We get some of findings, the most important are:- 1- Unspoken communication by the management leaders is one of the acted as the most important signals in limiting the behaviour patterns conducted by thems. 2- There is a degree of connection between unspoken communication and the behaviour conduct and this appeared In the results of the study and the explain that the flexibility for this management through the using of unspoken communication.

Abstract: The current research aims at investigating the Behavioural Appearances (BA( of children with autism according to their parents point of view . Moreover , it tries to determine the statistically significant differences (BA)(mean degress( of in children with autism according to their fathers and mothers points of view. The sample of the research has been chosen randomly which was (46) fathers and mothers of Autistic children from AL –Ghasaq and Sara Institutes in the center of Mosul . In order to achieve the aims of the research , a questionnaire was prepared by the researcher which is composed of ( 32) items of (BA( . Face validity of the tool was achieved by exposing it to a group of specialists , while its reliability was calculated by using Guttman equation which was found to be (0,70) . weight mean was used for item arrangement , T-test was used for exploring the differences in Arithmetic means between fathers and mothers groups . The results revealed that : 1- There are many (BA( of children with autism from their parents point of view. 2- No statistically significant differences in the mean scores of (BA( of children with autism between their fathers and mothers point of view. In view of the findings obtained , it is recommended that developing oral communication skills is a must for children with autism because language lets them connect and communicate with the outer community . Moreover , language breaks their isolation , through talking to them ever if they give no response or participate in playing . In addition , the researcher suggested other similar studies for children with autism in Iraq from their parents point of view.

Abstract: يهدف البحث الحالي إلى معرفة اثر استخدام طريقة الاستجواب في تنمية المفاهيم الإسلامية لدى تلميذات الصف الثالث الابتدائي . استخدمت الباحثة التصميم التجريبي ذا المجموعتين المتكافئتين احداهما تجريبية والأخرى ضابطة ، تكونت عينة البحث من ( 54 ) تلميذة بواقع ( 28 ) تلميذة في المجموعة التجريبية التي مثلت شعبة (أ) و( 26 ) تلميذة في المجموعة الضابطة التي مثلت شعبة ( ب ) . أعدت الباحثة اختباراًً للمفاهيم الإسلامية مكوناً من ( 25 ) فقرة اتسم بالصدق والثبات ، تم معالجة البيانات إحصائيا باستعمال الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين ومعامل ارتباط بيرسون أما النتائج التي توصلت إليها الباحثة فكان منها وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين مجموعتي البحث التجريبية والضابطة فيما يتعلق بالاختبار القبلي والبعدي لتنمية المفاهيم الإسلامية ولمصلحة المجموعة التجريبية . وفي ضوء نتائج البحث قدمت الباحثة التوصيات والمقترحات وكان من ابرز التوصيات : ضرورة اهتمام معلمي التربية الإسلامية ومعلماتها بإثارة الأسئلة الصفية داخل غرفة الصف لما لها من دور في استثارة دافعية التلاميذ وزيادة درجة تركيزهم نحو التعلم . أما المقترحات فكان منها : إجراء دراسة حول اثر استخدام طريقة الاستجواب في تحصيل طلاب الصف الثالث المتوسط في مادة التربية الإسلامية وتنمية اتجاههم نحوها .

Abstract: The current research aims to know the impact of project method on adaptive behavior and motor development of kindergarten children. to achieve this aim, the researches put the following null hypotheses: 1- There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05). found between the averages of adaptive behavior grades of the experimental group using project method and of the control group using traditional method in the post-test. 2- There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) found between the averages of motor development grades of the experimental group using project method and of the control group using traditional method in the post-test. To achieve the aim of the research, the researcher used experimental design of two equivalent groups, one is experimental using project method and the other is control group using traditional method. The sample included (50) children chosen intentionally from pre-elementary school class in Al-Basma Kindergarten divided randomly into (24) children in the experimental group and (26) in the control group the researches equalized both groups before initiating the experiment in the variables of (age measured in months, family members, weight height, fathers academic achievement, mothers academic achievement, pre-test scores of adaptive behavior, pre-test scores of motor development).The researcher taught both groups with the necessary teaching plans, the experiment lasted (10) weeks, and to measure the sequent variables in the researcher, the research made two tools: -The first tool is to measure adaptive behavior rand made up of (30) items. -The second tool is to measure motor development and made up of (28) items. To verify the validity and reliability of the tools used for measurement, the researcher found reliability indicators of both groups using face vaidily through a panel of experts, reliability of two tools was counted to be for adaptive behavior tool using split-half method (0.81) and by Alpha Kronbach to be (0.82) and for motor development tool reliability using correctors stability (0.77) and by re-test scored (0.86) all of which are good numbers. The following statistical tools were used: 1. T-test for two independent samples, to test the difference between two groups in equality and to find out the items distinctive, and to test difference between groups in post test. 2. Kai square to test difference in equalization. 3. Pearson correlation factor to calculate reliability. 4. Spearman Brown formula of reliability. 5. Alpha Kronbach formula of reliability. After the statistical analysis of data using(t-test) for two independent samples the results showed: 1- There is a statistically significant difference between the averages of the experimental and control groups grades in adaptive behavior and in favour of using project method. 2- There is a statistically significant difference between the averages of the experimental and control groups grades in motor development and in favour of using project method. Such are the results, the researches presented number of suggestions and recommendations like the necessity of using project method by Kindergarten teachers and to initiate future in the same field.

Abstract: Longing to youth is one of the most important phenomena which man feels. This results from his ego remembering the days of youth while he is suffering from old age. The phenomenon of yearning to youth is so prominenent and is found in Al-Khama'il collections which deserves and inspires the study. The research is divided into a preface and three sections. The preface deals with yearning to youth ling uistically and terminologically, Abu Madhi's reasons for yearning and providing a summary of his life. The sections deal with the poet's fear of youth's disappearance and resorting to wine for fear of youth end. The poet's yearning came as a result of internal and external factors because of his excessive sensitivity. He is weeping over youth before it comes to an end. He used wine as a means of pleasure. His longing to youth is increased by fear because old age, more than any other stage of life, brings man nearer to his destiny.

Abstract: Childhood is the key of AlSayyab's character and to his literary work and each attempt to understand him - as a human and as a literary man - can never be considered complete without the domain of childhood. The poet was always bound with the words "child" and "childhood" and their denotations in a way that reflects his excessive sensitivity towards a hard period of his life that its influences continued with his life. The first poems of AlSayyab were directly sentimental because most of their images were from his life environment in his village. These poems embodied his sufferings when he was a child because of his frequent losses of kindness and as a result of being an orphan. But, after he read the poems of the western poets and after having a wider horizon of thinking, he employed the childhood in a high artistic forms, which made him – in addition to other uses he employed – one of the great poets in whose products each meaning or idea changes to be a great symbol and denotation.

Abstract: This study aims at shedding light on the concept of text as one of most problematic critical terms especially in literary and Quranic studies. It gives a linguistic and terminological meaning of the concept though there is no precise definition of this term. Then, it tackles the most outstanding textuality standards of the text in which the study concentrates on four standards which are basic for the textuality of any text whether it is literary or Quranic .They are the grammatical coherence, the embodied cohesion and the intentionality .Then the situational and what is connected with it from the types of context whether it is occasional or linguistic or contextual.

Abstract: The narrative studies constitute an important field of uncovering the aesthetical characteristics of narration as semantic structures which involve expressional and artistic values . These studies aims at the innovative product and manifesting the novelist intention . The novel space is considered one of the most important and effective elements in the progress of the event . It is the spatial-temporal space in which characters and objects show connectedness with events as well as a tight cohesive relation with all the elements of narration including events , characters , dialogue and even description .

Abstract: The present research is concerned with with the study of Abi- Zaid Abdul –Rahman bin Abdul-Aziz AL-Tadili ( 1206H .) in his classification " AL- Wishah wa Taathqeef AL-Rimah"( The band ornament and straightening spears) in a reply to illusion of AL-Majd AL-Sihah ( correct AL-Majd ) in an answer to Majd AL- Deen AL- Fairouz Abadi , the author of AL- Qamoos AL-Muheet ( The Comprehensive Dictioary ) in which illusion is ascribed to Ism"il bin Hammmad AL- Gawhari(400H .) in his Sihah ( correct ) .The title of AL-Tadili book is a summary of the aim for which it is set out , i.e. the defense of AL- Majd and falsifying it The responses of AL- Tadili included the following levels : Syntactic level 1. 2. Semantic level 3.Grammatical level 40 Phonological level This is in addition to the deviations and corrections of AL-Jawhari . We have also objectively evaluated these replies .It is clear that the purpose of the author is not free of subjectivity and accusation but we cannot accuse him of much prejudice on AL- Majd . Ibin AL- Taib AL-Sharqi (1170H . ) , The Author of Taj AL-roos min Jawahir AL-Qamoos also accused him , at the same time we cannot say that AL-Qadili was bias in his responses as in case of AL-Zubaidi in AL-Taj. Finally we hope that we have succeeded in this work.

Abstract: The Moslem Arabs mixed with the people of conquered countries on both the social and intellectual levels. As Moslems granted religious freedom to those people, they continued their cultural activities concerning study, composition and translation whether in cultural centers or in monasteries or personal baren. The Umayyad era witnessed civilized and intellectual influence between the Moslems Arabs and the people of the conquered countries for getting much information about these nations. Thus the translation of philosophy, medicine, chemistry, and astronomy appeared. The movement of translation expanded in the first century A.D under the influence of the Christians and the desire of the Umayyads. The study includes the following sections: the first section deals with the most important cultural centers with which influenced the development of science especially translation. These centers are ( Haran, Alraha, Nissibeen and Antakya ). The second section includes the development of translation which started in the Umayyad Era. The most important figure is Khalid bin Yazid who ordered to translate books in Medicine and Chemistry into Arabic. The third section talks about the role of Syriac and other people in translation and foreign sciences which were translated into Arabic. The fourth section presents the famous translators who appeared in AL Sham who had a vital role in translating the Greek Sciences to the human civilization and specially the European.

Abstract: The research attempts to introduce an insight into the effect of the historical account, on the cultural formation of the Muslims travelers and their reflection on their account or upon the way of discrepancy what they he saw and beard. It handle, this subject through discussing some recording, which are regarded as one of the sources of historical knowledge, thereby attempting to show what is historically acceptable. These stone, entered the Islamic culture without close examination which some historians adopted as historical facts. Meanwhile, they were characterized by the travelers imagination for reasons related to present mirculas news and sense. The research also deals with three level, of the travelers accounts. The first level handle, the news head by the travelers without criticizing or refuting them. The second level presents how the travelers tried to insert what is considered real history beside what is a myth. The third level, on the other hand, is characterized by precision when reporting the new, and investigation into the event. However, this does not mean dispensing with this kind of composition, because travel remains an important source of historical knowledge on the condition that its test are closely examined according to the authentic historical investigation.

Abstract: This paper is an attempt to investigate the international terrorism. it also studies the destruction from different angles. That comes out of it. The study is made through reviewing the analysis of this phenomenon. Similarly, stages of the sociological. The study analyses the factors and the theoretical frameworks that stand behind the phenomenon. Further more the study traces back the historical development and the vagueness that prevail. The subject of terrorism. The study attempts to know its associations and reflections also on the world peace and security. The study finally arrives at some recommendations to face the international terrorism from which the societies suffer.

Abstract: Shura is one of the basic elements in Islam. It is considered some thing obligatory in Islamic nation. but there are some differences in the historical texts and some opinions of the experts in this field. The study in its historical and figh content displays the situation of those people at the beginning of Islam till the Umayyad Era in addition to some opinions of those experts and norators,who depends entirely upon the Prophet biography and some Quranic Texts, and any thing new concerning Islam. The study is not dogmatic to any era, but it focuses on the real opinion of those people on the behalf of the Islamic stale.

Abstract: Arab-Islamic city represents a significant tradition in its internal construction and its basic economic function .For that reason , all scholars began to study its long history . Because of the urban development , the cities enlarged on its account across ages , and the Islamic cities accordingly began to be neglected or declined . The subject thus is to document such cities in their own buildings and position. Of course , this requires a joint team . besides time , experience and suggestions for helping the specialists . The problem of this study thus deals with the importance of the Arab-Islamic documentation . It is necessary to rebuild it even if for some of its parts . So , Mohamed’s mosque in Al-madina Al-monawarah is a good example for it has a chapel of the prophet , minbar and the honorable place . Indeed , this mosque was the real place for spreading widely Islam outside , for its effective events and for wise people to meet there . There are also other places which can be documented and studied as Islamic city centers , or repaired . This fact is too much important for being decumented for the benefit of the next generations test they should decline . The third section talks about the role of Syriac and other people in translation and foreign sciences which were translated into Arabic. The fourth section presents the famous translators who appeared in AL Sham who had a vital role in translating the Greek Sciences to the human civilization and specially the European.

Abstract: The present research focused on deposit contract because it is one of the common contracts in the ancient Iraq. This kind of contract regulated important aspects of economic activities in that period. The ancient Iraqis knew the deposit contract and they regulated its dispositions. They also put its forms in order to include precious things, jewelleries, cereals, corps and slaves. Sometimes traveling abroad, insecurity, internal conflicts and wars are the reasons which obliged people to search for trusted deposit to put their money and their savings , they had to find a priest or a merchant or a reliable person. At that time, ancient Iraqis were aware of deposit with pay and deposit without pay. They also put dispositions and regulations for the deposit as it is the case nowadays. Perhaps the diversity of deposit contracts in the old Babylonian period reveals the evolution of the Old Babylonian society in all fields of economic and social development. When comparing the provisions of the contract deposit in the Old Babylonian society with these in force in the modern laws in force, we find that it does not differ substantially from the protection provided for all those that were provided by the old Iraqi laws. We could even say that the laws of the ancient Iraqis are similar to those prevailing in our modern time they protect the rights of the contracting parties. In fact, we cannot find substantial differences between the organization of a deposit contract in that time and the present in spite of the fact that the Old Babylonian laws were passed more than five thousand years ago

Abstract: Most of Arab countries suffer from fresh water shortage, to the extent which sometimes the reaches crisis level. Most researches treat this crisis from the technical point of view, and sometimes from the point of political view. In this research, the researcher wants to indicate the mutual responsibility between the citizen and the state in order to achieve the best ways to rationalize the consumption of water in different fields, through activating the educational role in this field in order to keep this important fortune from being wasted, and to highlight the role of the authorities in achieving watery education.

Abstract: The research aims to know the effect of organizing content of syllabus of the law of hand ball on knowledge achievement of the law of the game as well as the psychological trend of the pupils toward the lesson. The sample consisted of(60)students subdivided into three groups with(20)students each. Methods of organizing content were randomly distributed or these groups . The researcher used The ostone scale to measure psychological trend of the student toward the lesson. The researcher mode a special scale to measure knowledge achievement of the law of hand ball. The applicability of the scale was verified after achieving the scientific bases of the research. The researcher used empirical model dug to its appropriateness. The three groups of the research were taught according to the suggested methods. The first group was taught using units method(theoretical _ practical). The second used also units method (theoretical _ practical) where as the control group used (whole theoretical _ practical) method. The period of the experiment was equal for the research groups which was(12) teaching sessions for each group. The researcher used (SPSS)programs to analyze the data . Some of the important results were : - The empirical methods used to organize the content of hand ball syllabus are effective in knowledge achievement of the law of hand ball . - The used methods proved efficiency in developing psychological trends toward the lesson . - The researcher made number of recommendations and suggestions to mention but few . - The necessity of using the suggested empirical methods in organizing the content of hand ball syllabus due to their effective role in obtaining the knowledge goal of the law of the game . - The necessity of achieving psychological trend towards hand ball syllabus which increases the participation of students in the lesson as well as judging it because of its effective role in achieving information goal . - The use of the empirical methods in teaching practical due to its efficiency in achieving a number of educational goals .

Abstract: The research aims to identify 1 -The Effect of the style of competition on collective cognitive Personnels (Contemplative - impulse) to learn some basic skills of volleyball and their Retenion 2 -The Effect of the prescriptive (traditional) style on collective cognitive Personnels (Contemplative - impulse) to learn some basic skills of volleyball and their Retenion after the prescriptive style (traditional) to animate the cognitive domain (Contemplative - impulse) to learn some basic skills of volleyball and to keep. 3 -The variance between the approaches for collective cognitive Personnels (Contemplative - impulse) to learn some basic skills of volleyball and to keep. The sample of the research students in the Division and (b) of their number (39) students to be the experimental group and the Division (c) of their number (37) students to be the control group. In order to measure individual differences between students in the Cognitive (Contemplative - impulse) Style as a cognitive styles , the tool prepared by (Ayyash, 2009) because it is designed for secondary stage and applied to the Iraqi environment, the researcher made analysis of variance to verify equal research groups in physical fitness and effective in learning the skills under study for the four groups. The researcher used the statistical methods: Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, T- test of the samples is associated with Analysis of variance(F), The researcher Concluded 1- Superiority of first and second experimental group of competitive impulsive Personnels who used collective competition on the first and second control group Contemplative – impulse learner who used the traditional style in learning some basic skills of volleyball and their Retenion. 2- Superiority of experimental group of competitive Personnels who used collective competition over the second experimental group of Contemplative learner who used the same style in learning some basic skills of volleyball and their Retenion

Abstract: The current research aims to define the effect of speed motion response exersices on developing certain physical features of junior goalkeepers in futso and to identify the differences in some physical features between the experimental and control groups in post tests and to realize the differences between pre and post tests for the experimental group . To achieve the aim of the research , the researcher put the following hypotheses : - The existence of statistically significant differences in certain physical features of the experimental design between pre and post tests in favour of the posttest . - The existence of statistically significant differences in certain physical features between pre and posttests in favour of the post test . - The existence of statistically significant differences in some physical features between the control and experimental groups in the post test in favour of the experimental group . The researcher used empirical method on a sample of junior futso goalkeepers whose ages ranging between ( 16-19 ) years , chosen intentionally , devided randomly to two groups (control and experimental) having ( 6 ) goalkeepers for each group and equation and equivalence between both groups were achieved in all variables . The procedures included designing training course using speed motion response exercises applied on experimental group while the control group used the course made by the coach for two monthes . The researcher concluded : - Speed of national response exercises made an abstract development in physical features ( quickness of motional response , expulsive power , transitional speed , quick response ) . At the same time , there was a development in ( speed featured force , ability , features that felt behind abstract development level through of pre-post tests for experimental group . - The course realized by control group achieved abstract development in some physical features ( speed characterized force , explosive power , transitioned speed ) through comparison the pre and posttests for control group . - Experimental group using speed of motional force exercise achieved abstract development over the control group in physical features ( speed characterized force , explosive power , transitional speed , quick reaction ) . After the rest of physical features , they witnessed a development by the experimental group that , however , did not reach the abstract level . - The necessity of using speed motional response exercises in range repetition through training session in repetitive exercise . - The necessity of using speed motional response exercises in all training sessions for futso junior goalkeepers due to the importance for such a feature . The possibility of applying this training course in other age groups like prenature and professionals of both sexes to clarify its effect .

Abstract: The importance of the research: The importance of the research lies in building and rationing special physical tests that enable the coaches and people working in this field to evaluate the training and testing the players. The objective of the research are: - Building and rationing tests for measuring the physical fitness elements for the senior badminton players in the Northern Area of Iraq. - Assigning scores for the tests of physical fitness elements for senior badminton players in the Northern Area of Iraq. the researcher used the descriptive methodology. The research community consisted of the senior badminton players in the Northern Area of Iraq. The sample consisted of (31) players out of (37) players, which constitutes (84%) of the research population, the researcher used several tools like (the questionnaire, scientific observation), as well as the stages and the steps of building the tests and submitting them to the scientific dealings such as (validity, invariability and objectivity). The researcher dealt with the statistical description including (the mathematical mean, the standard deviation, the mode, bending coefficient and ki square) in addition to the standard levels and grades using (6-&). Conclusions: The researcher reached to building and rationing a group of 7 special tests of physical fitness related to the badminton, which enjoy good scientific dealings.

Abstract: The study included the effect of sulfacetamide on the growth of seedlings and callus derived from Nigella sativa L. stems. This compound was added to the Murashige and Skoog ( MS )medium at concentrations of (10-2,10-3,10-4,10-5, 10-6) Molar. The average of roots length and the rate of germination in seeds, treated with sulfacetamide before planting, differed with the concentration of sulfacetamide used. The high concentration (10-2 M) led to death of the seeds. The results revealed decrease in the fresh weight of callus with decrease in the cellular contents of proteins, nucleic acids(DNA,RNA)and folate extracted from callus which was grown on MS medium containing 10-6 M of 2,4-D and various concentrations of sulfacetamide (10-3,10-4, 10-5,10-6M). On the other hand, the high concentration of sulfacetaminde (10-2 M) led to death of the initiated cells of callus.

Abstract: The study included F2 hybrids resulted from the selfing of F1’s from half diallel wheat crosses among five parents (Intesar, Rabbea, Abu-Greeb-3, Adnanyia and Al-Eaz) to estimate gene action through variance components, Average degree of dominance, broad sense and narrow sense heritability for biological yield, plant height, number of spikes, spike weight, number of grains per spike and grain yield. Seeds of parental varieties and their F2 generations for diallel crosses were grown at the plant experimental station, during the growing season (2002-2003) according to the randomized complete block design with four replications, under rainfall conditions. The results showed over dominance for the most studied traits with high values for broad and narrow sense heritability.

Abstract: One hundred Individuals attending Allergy Department in Al-Zahrawi Teaching Hospital in Mosul city, who were diagnosed by Physiciens as suffering from allergic rhinitis, Their ages ranged between (6-60) years, skin test and prick skin test were performed to ensure that they had allergic rhinitis as well as screening for food allergens as causes of rhinitis. The total concentration of IgE in their blood serum was determined. The results showed that 65% of rhinitis patients responded to food allergens. The relationship between rhinitis and food allergy and the age, the sex, family history and job had been taken into consideration. The results showed that the age group (18-40) was shown to be the more affected group, females were more infected than males. Result showed the predominance of egg, milk, oranges among other food allergens while among air allergens trees, dust fungi house-dust mites and fungi were the predominant and a high level of total IgE was detected among patients with allergic rhinitis.

Abstract: The effect of low temperatures on the different stages of The southern cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (F) Bruchidae, Coleoptera was carried out. The results indicated that mortality ratio increased by increasing exposure period. The number of unhitching eggs was 10,the number of the dead larvae was 9.66,abd dead pupa was 6.66, in the degree temperature -18 ºC and with a time exposure of 60 minutes. Some studies were carried out on controlling this pest by means of non chemical pesticides agents, In these studies , four concentrations (at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8) of four different types of botanical oils (bitter almond, cumin, ginger and cinnamon) were tested. The results showed that the repellent and mortality ratio were highest (80% and 100%)with the concentration of 0.6 and 0.8 for all types of oils used.

Abstract: Powerful countries used globalization as an execuse to achieve economical cultural and political dominance via big international companies and as a means of effect on international boards to control decision makers this fact is builton the fact that globalization is treadted not as production of technological scientific revolution only but also as an outcome of economical , political and military strategies , policies and procedures from powerful countries point of view . with globalization taken into its extreme , the gap between rich and poor countries increases and it is not known if these countries whether in rules and people made them accept a dark reality imposed by force centers allied with slogans improving their interests as well as directed global media and force if needed , a procedure followed in this time.

Abstract: Violence is one of the phenomena that has been the concern of political circles and often attached to religious political movements, especially the Islamic ones. It is one of the basic problems in the political and social analysis. It varies according to political, social, and cultural motives and reasons. The importance of research is to focus on the concept of violence in the Islamic movements, especially the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, being the gown out of which came most Islamic movements. The research consists of an introduction, three sections, and a conclusion. The first section determines the concepts of the study through clarifying the concept of violence, linguistically and technically, as well as demonstrating the concept of the Islamic movement. The second section tackles the Muslim Brotherhood through embarking on the founding of the group, its beginnings, and its principles. The third section was dedicated to highlighting violence in thought and behavior of the Muslim Brotherhood, through returning to the intellectual origins of violence in the group and its practices. The research has come with a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that the Muslim Brotherhood rejects resorting to violence in achieving its political goals. At the same time it was accused of using violence to express its interests and to achieve its ambitions. For this reason its relation with the successive Egyptian regimes was discontinuous.

Abstract: The research hypothesizes that the success of Switzerland in selecting the councilor political system enabled it in keeping its stability and continuity for a long time. This was achieved despite the existence of several nationalities in Switzerland, representing some European states such as Germany, France, and Italy. The research has come to the following conclusions: The Swiss regime, although originally based on the principles of the councilor system, yet it does not have all its attributes. For example, the federal assembly cannot depose the members of the federal council before the end of their term at office, i.e. before four years to pass. The Swiss regime, even if it contains some of the councilor system features (or assembly government system), yet it is characterized by a special nature which differs from other regimes. Some scholars consider it a system that gives the executive federal council a dictator authority over the federal legislative parliamentary body. Most of the researchers and professors of the constitutional law stress the success of this regime in Switzerland. They relate this success to the moderate nature of the Swiss people, and the absence of severe conflicts among political parties who are sharing the seats of the parliament. They also confirm that this councilor system caused the stability of political conditions in Switzerland. Other reasons for the success of this regime is not having political crises, such as those witnessed by the states adopting the parliamentary system, particularly in the case of party pluralism and the absence of a main or a dominant party; besides the high political consciousness of Swiss citizens and the stability of the social, economic, etc. conditions.

Abstract: The six hats strategies is a contemporary approach which emphasizes on quality performance .The six hats can be considered a creative approach because innovation process depends on it. So, the research aims to explain the impact of six hats strategies on improving quality performance for members of the teaching staff in the university. In addition ,the researchers try to include within their research these two variables: (six hats strategies ,and members of staff performance) within totally theoretical and analytical framework to determine their effects .Generally ,the research tries to answer the following questions:- 1- Do six hats strategies represent suitable guide to use creative thinking skills for the members of the teaching staff ? 2- Does the member of staff have Knowledge about the impact of six hats strategies on improving quality performance for members of the teaching staff? 3- How the university can apply the concept of six hats strategies to contribute in improving the quality performance for members of the teaching staff. The research concluded that : there is a significant relationship and effect between six hats strategies and quality performance for members of the teaching staff. Key words: Six Hats , Improvement , Performance quality , staff members, Creativity thinking.

Abstract: In order to illustrate the Importance of studying sowing date of rapeseed crop (Brassica napus L.), yield components and quality, three cultivars including Opera, Licord and Oscar were sown from 15th September to 15th November, during two winter successive seasons 2008-2009, 2009-2010, with two plant density (62.500,125.000 plants.ha–1). The experiment carried out at AL-Quba in the west north region of Mosul city at Nineveh region. It was conducted according to factorial experiment in a randomized completely block design [cultivars(a)=3, sowing date(b)=3, plant density(c)=2] with three replications. The results could be summarized as: The results revealed that the Licord cultivar gave a high level of characters plant height, number of primary branches, number of silique per plant, leaf area(cm2plant), leaf area index, dry weight/plant (g.), number of seeds /silique, weight of thousand seed (g), total yield and oil yield (ton.ha-1) and oil percentage in both seasons 2008-2009, 2009-2010. The second planting date (mid of October) gave the highest rate of prescriptions of plant height, number of primary branches, leaf area (cm2plant), leaf area index, number of silique /plant, dry weight (g.)/plant, number of seed/silique, weight of thousand seed (g.), total yield and oil yield (ton.ha-1), While the third planting date (mid of November) gave the highest percentage of oil in seeds in both seasons. Decreasing plant density to 62.500 caused a significant increase in number of primary branches, number of silique/plant,leaf area(cm2plant) ,dry weight /plant(g.), weight of thousand seed, oil percentage in seed and yield, oil yield, While increasing plant density to 125.000 plants.ha–1 led to significant increases in plant height, leaf area index, in both seasons 2008-2009, 2009-2010.

Abstract: Hard hexagonal barium ferrite BaFe12O19 was prepared by solid state reaction method using a precursor (BaO- 6 Fe2O3 (mixture at calcinations temperature 1100 C for 2 hr. The XRD patterns of the calcined samples show the formation of BaFe12O19 at this temperature .In this work, some of the samples were irradiated by fast neutron (241Am-Be ) in average energy 5 MeV with flux ( 1.5 ×106 n/cm2.s ). The fast neutron irradiation did not affect the magnetic properties of prepared samples obviously, but it affected the electrical resistivity in direct relation in which the increasing of irradiation dosages lead to increasing of electrical resistivity obviously .

Abstract: Some new homo and heterobinuclear complexes of Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) Cd(II) and Hg(II) with tetramethylthiurammonosulfide have been prepared in 2:2 molar ratio.The prepared complexes were characterized by their metal contents (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg), IR, electronic spectra , conductivity and magnetic measurements. Conductivities data showed that the complexes were non electrolytes assigning the formulaes [M2(L)2CL4] or [MM´(L)2CL4]. Explanation for the structural elucidation of these complexes on the bases of magnetic and electronic measurements indicated that the complexes had tetragonal geometry with tetrahedral environment.

Abstract: In this study the perception of word juncture in English and Arabic is investigated. Word juncture is taken as the allophonic, or phonetic, variation at word boundary that is contrastive. It is hypothesized that minimal pairs differentiated by means of juncture ( or boundary features) cannot be identified when heard in isolation and that the sentential context helps identifying the phrases of the pair. Corpuses of English and Arabic minimal pairs of juncture phrases were collected and native speakers of English and Arabic were asked to pronounce these phrases in isolation and then to use them in sentences. Three groups of subjects (a group of 13 Undergraduate students of English, a group of 11 MA students of English and a group of 9 Lecturers, all being native speakers of Arabic) were chosen to carry out the experimental part of the study. Four perception tests were carried out: two on English and two on Arabic. These tests were designated to examine the subjects' precision in the identification of the juncture phrases when used in isolation and in sentences. The subjects' reliance on the phonetic cues to identify the juncture phrases when used in isolation was low and rather fluctuant between the groups and the two languages. The sentential context, on the other hand, has shown a significant influence on the identification responses of the subjects in the three groups and in both English and Arabic.