Abstract:     This research aims to shed light on the concept of the poetic vision, being a cornerstone for any poetic work. It is, in fact, a complex concept in which all the components of the poetic text are interrelated to show the poet's vision and attitudes towards the world. The current research adopts the inductive method as far as the concept of the poetic vision is concerned to be the most appropriate method to comprehensively tackle this concept. According to Blake's theory, 'vision' refers to the sequence of levels, starting from sight, heart, cognition, and then imagination. This sequence includes all the meanings concerned with 'vision' and 'imagination' at the same time. Hence, the present research deals with the following axes: The concept of vision in language and terminology and the difference between them.  The concept of 'vision' in the philosophical thinking. The concept of 'vision' in the Arabic literary critical thinking. The concept of 'vision' in the Western literary-critical thinking Elements of poetic vision which are divided based according to the scholars' agreement on displacement, imagination, image, and memory.

Abstract: The research deals with a scholar of language and literature who served them with his books and lessons. The choice was made on a rhetorical book from his books (the marked model) to inspect its virtues and document its evidence that he relied on in clarifying the rhetorical topics that he presented in this book. When we took stock of the evidence, it became clear to us that they were from the Noble Qur’an, the Prophet’s Hadith, and the words of the Arabs, poetry and prose, running on those who preceded him in this field. , and a definition of the terms specific to those evidence, and we dealt with the definition of the author, his name, lineage, writings and death, then his approach in the book that we are blocking and the topics of rhetoric with its three sciences and a conclusion that outlined the most important results reached by the research and proven sources and references and an appendix to the indexes of verses, prophetic hadiths, poems and Arab proverbs

Abstract:          The Diwan of Qais bin Al-Malouh, known as “Majnoun Laila,” includes values belonging to various types of human systems such as social, religious and emotional, and in each of them it is possible to trace human values to their universality by describing that poets - especially sentimental ones among them - express the latent of human nature and that poetry, unanimously by critics, is the most Literary literature. Majnoun Layla is an Umayyad poet who became famous throughout the Arab and foreign world on the historical, literary and artistic levels. This research tries to give, through the preface, a detailed explanation of the title in language and terminology, and to talk briefly and appropriately to the place about the life of the poet and the opinion of poets and critics in it. Then, the research tries to extract human values ​​on the three religious, tribal and social axes and to define their concept and how to distinguish them from other types of other values ​​that are not usually described in this capacity. It also tries to search for the artistic dimension of human values ​​at the level of language, image and rhythm among other things, aspires to elevate the level of research aesthetically, and includes discussion and responses to some critics who went so far as to claim that Majnoun Laila’s character is a legendary character that was not realistic and their argument that his poetry contains human values ​​and feelings. It is more like a fantasy for its promotion over the real world, and sometimes even the ideal. So, the research adopts a number of scientific clues and evidence to refute those allegations that some of them made against them in terms of “knowing disagreement” only, and others thought that he was called "insane" due to a defect in his mind, so the research extrapolates linguistic texts to prove that an excess of something may be called insanity, and not just a lack of reason. The poetic technical aspects of the poet have not been neglected, as the research reveals that the poet had a prominent interest in choosing the appropriate words, movements, letters, and seas, taking into account the internal and external rhythm, to appropriately reflect the experience he is about in terms of significance, symbol, intertextuality, and care for the poetic image in its response and impact on the recipient because the artistic image is the essence of poetic expression.

Abstract:             The place is one of the most important elements that make up the beauty of the fictional text. The presence of the place in the fictional work is very important, as there is no story without a place. It is an element of the story and a general drive for the characters and events in the story. The writers are closely linked to the place, as Najman Yassin in this group (Junoon and the like). In this group, the place seems close to it psychologically and spiritually. This study reveals the aesthetics of the place in the stories (Junoon and the like), which is one of the most mature narrative experiences. This study seeks to distinguish the natural places from the industrial ones that the narrator mentioned in the story and analyze them, and his impressions in the fictional text. The first topic is concerned with the natural place, including (the sky, the river, and the mountain), while the second is concerned with the industrial place (the room, the café, and the basement). The study is based on a wide range of sources and references including: "Qaala AlRawee" by Saeed Yaqteen and  "Chadal Al Qiraa" by Najeeb Al-Awfi. Finally, the study is relied on the analytical study of the place in the narrative texts to reveal the artistic and aesthetic value of the place.                  

Abstract:           Submissiveness is the standing of the heart in the hands of Allah Almighty with submission, humility, and convergence to Him, and the delicacy of the heart, stillness, brokenness, and burning. Submissiveness is the extinguishing of the flames of lust, the stillness of the smoke in the breasts, the shining of the light of glorification in the heart, and the evocation of Allah's greatness, prestige, and majesty. Submissiveness is a common denominator between morals, belief, and action. They feed it with fear of Allah, so it fulfills its purpose in the soul and the heart together. Submissiveness is a legitimate meaning and a Sunni behavior, in which all submission is to Allah, Lord of the worlds. Al-Junayd said that submissiveness is the submission of hearts to the All-Knower of the Unseen. The heart is the ruler of the body, so if the heart is humbled, then the hearing, sight, face and all the organs, and what arose from them, even speech, are humbled. Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah - may Allah have mercy on him - believes in Majmoo’ al-Fatawa: 7/28 that humility includes two meanings: the first is humility, groveling while the second includes: stillness and tranquility. He says: “This necessitates softness of the heart, and contradicts harshness, for the heart’s submissiveness includes its servitude to Allah, and its tranquility as well, and for this reason submissiveness in prayer includes this, and this: humility and stillness.” Submissiveness is a useful knowledge that touches the heart, so it necessitates for it tranquility and fear, and concealment, humility, and refraction to Allah, and all of these are a filter from the overflow of submissiveness. On the authority of Zaid bin Arqam - may Allah be pleased with him - that the Prophet - may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him - used to say: “O Allah, I seek refuge in You from knowledge that does not benefit, and from a heart that does not submit, and from a soul that is not satisfied, and from a supplication that is not answered.” (Narrated by Muslim).

Abstract: There is no doubt that the most important thing that a person possesses in this life is his religion, which Allah has bestowed upon him, Religion is like the soul to the body, just as a person cannot live without a soul, the human condition cannot be far from religion, and that the goal of preserving religion is not limited to the Islamic religion, as our distinguished scholars have stated, but it is the goal of all religions and in particular the heavenly religions. In this research, preserving is proved with the purpose of preserving religion in the Jewish and Christian religions.  The sanctity of religion in each of the two laws separately was taken by following the texts in the Torah and the Gospels indicating the purpose of preserving the religion, which calls for the sincerity of monotheism to Allah Almighty, which is the greatest goal that all the messengers and prophets came with .

Abstract: Abstract Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Master of Messengers, Muhammad, may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family and companions altogether. This research deals with the issue of the conflict between truth and falsehood in the Holy Quran, and the story of Abraham, peace be upon him, is chosen as a model for this conflict. The research is divided into two sections. In the first section, the concept of truth and falsehood through defining truth and falsehood linguistically and idiomatically is presented, then clarifying the descriptions of truth and descriptions of falsehood in the Holy Qur’an. After that, the forms of conflict between truth and falsehood, are shown through dialogue or through fighting. Then, the field of this conflict in the story of Ibrahim PBUH is explained where the first field of conflict was with His father by calling Him to leave polytheism and worship the one and only Allah, then, His struggle with His people who worship idols and idols, then His last struggle with the arrogant tyrant Nimrod.

Abstract: The research deals with the imperative, whether it requires immediateness or not, discussing the scholars' views, and focusing on editing the place of their disagreement about the issues related to it. then, various statements of scholars with their fundamentalist evidence and stating the objections and responses contained therein are mentioned, and the impact of this dispute on the branches of jurisprudence One of the most prominent findings is that the disagreement in this issue results in many jurisprudent issues, including the permissibility of delaying the payment of zakat to its beneficiaries, as some said: the imperative is immediate and said that postponing the end of the year is forbidden. Others said:   immediateness is not beneficial even if it is done after a while, and other issues mentioned are the subject of the research.

Abstract: The current study aimed to reveal the level of mastery of Arabic language teachers at the secondary stage in the methods of developing persuasive writing skills among first-year secondary students; To achieve this goal, research materials and tools were prepared, which consisted of: a list of persuasive writing skills appropriate for first-year secondary students, a list of methods for developing persuasive writing skills among students, a note card for methods of developing persuasive writing skills, then ensuring the stability and validity of those tools, then choosing The study sample is among the Arabic language teachers teaching Asir in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, then the study tool was applied to the sample. The researcher used the descriptive approach; For its relevance with the nature of the research, then the statistical analysis was carried out using the spss program, then the process of analyzing and interpreting the results and providing recommendations and proposed research. The results of the study showed: a list of persuasive writing skills suitable for first-year secondary students, a list of methods for developing persuasive writing skills for first-year secondary students, a low level of mastery of Arabic language teachers at the secondary level in methods of developing persuasive writing skills.

Abstract:     تم بحمد الله تعالى فی هذا البحث دراسة معالم التربیة العقدیة فی أسماء الله الحسنى (الجمیل, الجواد ، الحیی) من خلال المنهج النبوی الشریف , ودور هذا المنهج العظیم فی التربیة الإیمانیة وأهم معالمه التربویة .  وقد  جاء البحث  بمقدمة  وثلاثة مطالب  وخاتمة ونتائج .   جاء فی المطلب الأول : بیان اسم الله تعالى (الجمیل) ثم أهم المعالم التربویة على الإیمان بهذا الاسم من خلال المنهج النبوی الشریف .     وجاء فی المطلب الثانی : بیان اسم الله تعالى (الجواد) ثم أهم المعالم التربویة على الإیمان بهذا الاسم من خلال المنهج النبوی الشریف .  وقد احتوى المطلب الثالث : بیان اسم الله تعالى (الحیی) ثم أهم المعالم التربویة على الإیمان بهذا الاسم من خلال المنهج النبوی الشریف . وکانت أهم النتائج هو الآتی  : 1- حرص النبی (صلى الله علیه وسلم) على تثبیت العقائد الإیمانیة من خلال اتباع طرق تربویة متعددة . 2- کانت أهم المعالم التربویة فی المنهج النبوی الشریف فی أسماء الله الحسنى( الجمیل , الجواد , الحیی ) , هی تقریب أسماء الله الحسنى لنفوس العباد من أجل تزکیة نفوسهم وتهذیبها , وکذلک حثهم على العمل بمعانی هذه الأسماء بالأقوال والأفعال من أجل أـن یکون لهم حظ فیها لتنصلح بذلک عقیدتهم وأمر دینهم , ففی اسم الله تعالى (الجمیل) ، فقد بین المنهج النبوی الشریف أن الله تعالى یحب من عبده أن یجمل لسانه بالصدق وقلبه بالإخلاص والمحبة والتوکل، وجوارحه بالطاعة، وبدنه بإظهار نعمه علیه فی لباسه، وتطهیره له من الأنجاس ، فیعرفه بصفات الجمال ویتعرف إلیه بالأفعال والأقوال والأخلاق الجمیلة، فیعرفه بالجمال الذی هو وصفه، ویعبده بالجمال الذی هو شرعه ودینه، فجمع الحدیث قاعدتین: المعرفة والسلوک , وفی اسم الله تعالى (الجواد) اشار المنهج النبوی الشریف إلى أن الإیمان بهذا الاسم یربی على تهذیب نفوس العباد الشحیحة، فالإنسان من طبعه أنه یحب المال حباً کثیراً، فالعبد إذا تعلّق باسم الله (الجواد) فإنه یحب أن یتحلّى بهذا الخلق الکریم، فیصبح جواداً مع الناس، و فی اسم الله تعالى (الحیی) أشار المنهج النبوی الشریف إلى أن الحیاء ینبغی أن یکون من الله تعالى، الذی نتقلب فی نعمه وإحسانه اللیل والنهار، ولا نستغنی عنه طرفة عین، ونحن تحت مراقبته سبحانه ، لا یغیب عنه من حالنا وقولنا وفعلنا شیء , فهو الذی خلقنا وهو الذی رزقنا، فنطعم من خیره ، ونعیش على أرضه، ونستظل بسمائه ,  فکیف لا نستحی منه ونعصی أوامره .

Abstract: The current research aims to identify the effect of the circular house strategy on the systemic thinking of middle school students in the subject of geography. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher formulated two null hypotheses, and deliberately chose a sample of fifth-grade students of middle school / literary from Homs High School for Girls for the academic year (2020-2021), and in a simple random way, she chose Division (A) to represent the experimental group that is taught by the circular house strategy, while Division (B) became the control group and is taught in the usual way, and the research sample reached (33) students, with (17) students for the experimental group and (16) students for the control group. The researcher was rewarded between the two research groups in the following variables, the general average for the past year, the achievement in geography for the past year, the chronological age calculated in months, the degree of intelligence and the achievement of the father and the achievement of the mother. Both (Round House Strategy and the Ordinary Method). As for the tool, it was a systemic thinking test, which in its final form consisted of (5) questions that included (11) paragraphs, and its validity, stability and distinction were verified, and all of them appeared within the acceptable range.

Abstract: استهدف البحث التعرف على " أثر انموذج برونر الاستقبالی فی تنمیة السلوک الاجتماعی لدى أطفال الروضة "، ولتحقیق هدف البحث تمت صیاغة الفرضیة :"لا توجد ذات دلالة إحصائیة عند مستوى (05,0) بین متوسط درجات تنمیة السلوک الاجتماعی لأفراد المجموعة التجریبیة ومتوسط درجات تنمیة السلوک الاجتماعی لأفراد المجموعة الضابطة". وقد تکونت عینة البحث التی أُختیرَت بصورة قصدیة من أطفال التمهیدی للعام الدراسی (2018 - 2019م )، وقامت الباحثتان باعتماد أسلوب العشوائیة فی اختیار الأطفال من کل روضة لیکونوا عینة لبحثهما وبذلک أصبح عدد الأطفال (50) طفلاً وطفلة وبواقع (25) طفلاً وطفلة لکل مجموعة ،استعملت الباحثتان التصمیم التجریبی ذی المجموعتین المتکافئتین ذات الاختبار القبلی والبعدی، وأجریت عملیة التکافؤ بین مجموعتی البحث فی عدد من المتغیرات، ولتحقیق هدف البحث وفرضیاته قامت الباحثتان بتبنی مقیاس السلوک الاجتماعی المعد من قبل (المشهدانی 2017) وبعد استخراج الخصائص السیکو متریة للمقیاس أصبح المقیاس مکون من (34) فقرة جاهزة للتطبیق النهائی. وبعد جمع البیانات وتحلیلها إحصائیاً باستخدام الوسائل الاحصائیة أظهرت النتائج ما یأتی: توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائیة بین متوسط درجات السلوک الاجتماعی لأفراد المجموعة التجریبیة ومتوسط درجات السلوک الاجتماعی لأفراد المجموعة الضابطة ولصالح المجموعة التجریبیة

Abstract: The aim of the research is to identify the impact of the Montessori approach in developing the cognitive awareness of kindergarten children. To achieve this goal, the following hypotheses were formulated: The experimental method was relied on by choosing two random samples of kindergarten children (experimental and control) amounting to (50) boys and girls. And its stability, and it was applied to the two samples of children as an initial application, and after applying the Montessori method to the experimental sample, the scale was applied a second time to the two samples. There is a statistically significant difference for the experimental group in the pre and post tests and in favor of the post application, meaning that the Montessori approach had a positive impact in developing the cognitive awareness of the research sampl, There is also a statistically significant difference for the experimental and control groups in the post-test and in favor of the experimental group, and this indicates the positive impact of the Montessori approach in developing the cognitive awareness of the experimental group. A number of recommendations were presented, including the application of the Montessori approach in all private and governmental Riyadh because of its significant impact on thinking and cognitive abilities in general and the development of cognitive awareness in particular. And a number of proposals, including conducting extensive empirical research to find out the effect of using the Montessori method on many variables such as (social interaction, helping behavior, modifying unwanted behavior)

Abstract: The cunent research aimsat setting the degree of practices of school headmasters of nineveh governorate to lessen academic bulling in primary schools from teachers perspectives. The sample was (100) surveys distributed on teachers in the municipality of nineveh and districts.chosen randomly.Descriptive me thod was adopted in answering questions.A survey was made , the validity and stubility of which was verified . The researchers concluded no statistically siginfi cant difference at the level wad found between the means of answers of the samples regarding survey according to service years . The degree of statistical signifi canee inallaxes was more than 0.5% thus, no statistically significant difference at (0.05) level between the means of sample responses regading survey axes according to academic qualification.Statistieal signifieance of all axes was more than 5% . The researchers recommend holding training courses for headmasters and staff about facing academic bullying ,develop spirit of tolerance and social cooperation amony students to eliminate such dangeruos pheno memon..

Abstract:             The study aims to identify the reality of the role that secondary school female teachers play in promoting positive values among female students to achieve the requirements of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 as well as to reveal the obstacles facing secondary school female teachers in promoting positive values ​​among female students. Furthermore, it tries to identify the ways that activate the role of secondary school female teachers in promoting values positive. The study follows the descriptive approach with a sample consisting of (80) secondary school female teachers in the city of (Al-Dawadmi), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study adopts the questionnaire as a tool to obtain the responses of the study sample members. It has come out with the following results: the role played by secondary school teachers is significant in promoting positive values ​​among female students to achieve the requirements of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030. Also, there are significant obstacles facing secondary school teachers in promoting positive values ​​among female students to achieve the requirements of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030. These obstacles include the absence of evaluation based on performance and a large number of female students in classrooms in crowded manner. The study concludes that there are many ways to activate the role of secondary school female teachers in promoting positive values ​​among female students to achieve the requirements of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030. These ways include the use of modern media techniques in promoting positive values ​​among female students. In light of the previous results, the study has recommended working on reducing the density of female students in classrooms and providing time for female teachers to promote the positive values ​​among female students that achieve the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's 2030 Vision.

Abstract:          The research aims to identify the effectiveness of a training program based on visual teaching strategies in developing the recitation skills of students/teachers in the Department of Qur’an Sciences in the academic year (2021-2022). The research sample consists of (40) male and female students who have been committed to attending all sessions throughout the duration of the experiment. To achieve the goals of the research, the researchers have designed a training program based on visual teaching strategies, in which the content, concepts and definitions of the subject of recitation and a number of training plans for the sessions are organized which include (7) sessions, at a rate of one session for each week, in addition to formulating a zero hypothesis, which is: there is no statistically significant difference between the mean of the pre and posttests of the student teachers in the Department of Qur’an Sciences who have been trained according to the training program in developing recitation skills. A tool has been prepared, consisting of a test to measure recitation skills consisting of (64) items, and its apparent validity has been verified by presenting it to a group of experts and arbitrators, and after applying it to an exploratory sample consisting of (30) female students from the fourth stage in the Department of Qur’an Sciences, College of Education For girls, their psychometric characteristics have been verified, and after data collection, correction and statistical analysis using the t-test for an independent sample, the results have shown the following:   There is a statistically significant difference between the pre and post-recitation test, in favour of the post-test with the highest arithmetic mean. In the light of the research results, the researchers come out with a set of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions: There is a clear effect of the training program based on visual teaching to develop the recitation skills of the students and teachers in the Department of Qur’an Sciences, and the training positions provided by the program made teaching the recitation interesting and removed the misconceptions that it depends on recitation only compared to the rest of the study subjects, in addition to that the training program and the various strategies included in it helped in identifying modern strategies that would raise the experience of male and female teachers on the one hand, and students on the other. The researchers recommended directing the attention of the teachers to the subject of recitation by choosing the appropriate teaching strategies for the students, as well as identifying the prevailing activities and requirements to clarify and facilitate the ambiguity of some concepts that may accompany the presentation of the study material because the training process is more effective when the teaching strategies match the nature of the content of the study material.  

Abstract:          The Ikhwan Al-Safa and Khallan Al – Wafa group announced the highest ranks of exaltation; In the felid of philosophical knowledge and theological, within a purely Islamic intellectual framework, investing in the diversity of the cultures for the Arabic peoples under control of the Islamic state, they mixed between Eastern and Western civilizations, and performed it in a literary style with the utmost linguistic proficiency, and they produced many ideas that left a positive impact on the great scholars in the  natural scientific field  and applied sciences, such as Ibn Sina and others.                                                                                                 Controversial thing  that the Ikhwan Al-Safa took from their knowledge, educational and ideological output as a cover behind which they hid their political goals. Aiming to overthrow the state of immorality and vice (The State of Bani Abbas) and replace it with the state of justice and virtue, following a disciplined administrative system that branched out into several forms, adopting complete secrecy, in spreading their idea among the public and private, and winning more new affiliates with the  avoiding the oppression of the ruling authority. This explains the reason for not mentioning the names of the authors of their letters, which contained the secrets of their organization and success, based on the principle; be aware the way of your Lord with wisdom and good advice, and argue with them in a way that is best.

Abstract: E-learning is one of the modern scientific methods that rely on scientific communication between the teacher and the student remotely via the Internet. It was present and widespread at the level of developed countries, but after the Corona pandemic, it was relied on in the study mainly for scientific communication between the teacher and students in both undergraduate and postgraduate studies. On this basis, the global network was directed to learn and gain experiences in various fields, and geography was one of them. So, work was done to establish workshops and seminars to increase scientific knowledge, and this increased the exchange of scientific experiences among teachers in Arabic and international universities.  To complement this trend, the government dealt with e-learning as one of the important means of delivering science and knowledge to students and not interrupting them from the educational process. Accordingly, work has been done to create electronic classes for students in their studies that are available for free within other applications based on the Classroom application. Classes were established in the field of various geographical disciplines, such as climatic geography, geomorphology, population geography, geographic information systems and other geographic materials. These scientific materials were communicated between Google meet students and teachers within the electronic classes in the Classroom program and used a program for discussion directly with students. Accordingly, work was done to establish a field study on the importance of e-learning in general and through its application in the subject of population geography and geographic information systems.

Abstract:             The stability of the Arab tribes in Egypt and its cities dates back to the pre-Islamic era, and these migrations increased in the Islamic eras, starting with the liberation of Egypt in the Rashidun era, passing through the Umayyad and Abbasid eras. These migrations remained continuous to Egypt despite their separation from the Abbasids after the establishment of the Fatimid and Ayyubid states in it. Furthermore, when the Mamluk state was established on the ruins of the Ayyubids, the tribes had taken their natural position in stability due to the long period of their migration, and with Izz al-Din Aybak assuming the throne of the Sultanate in Egypt in a year ( 648 AH / 1250 AD) and the establishment of the Mamluk state. The Arab revolutions of these tribes began to break out against them in the various regions of Egypt, because they considered the Mamluks to be strangers to the country and that their original people were deserving of this rule on the one hand. They were considered slaves who had no right to rule the country and its free people on the other hand, so it was these revolutions and the reaction of the Mamluk sultans to them and their efforts which eliminate these revolutionaries and their role in changing the population map of these tribes in Egypt from what it was in previous ages. According to these changes, the study talks about their areas of distribution separately, in order to make it clear to the honorable reader to understand the political events.

Abstract:             This brief research was devoted to studying a topic that the researchers did not cover much, as the historical sources did not provide us with sufficient information about horses in Andalusia. The Andalusian environment had an important role in the revival of horse breeding, as the abundance of grasses, the presence of forests, the different surfaces and climate in Andalusia, and the Andalusian society’s desire to practice agriculture and animal husbandry, all of this was a motive for Andalusia to have many pastoral areas that helped in raising animals such as horses, mules and donkeys, and it flourished. The livestock boom greatly contributed to the Andalusian economy and its development. The presence of the appropriate environment and the abundance of pastures in Andalusia led to the prosperity of horse breeding and its uniqueness with special specifications and distinctive capabilities that distinguished it from the rest of the Arab horses. Its uses have varied, especially in the fields of war and combat, the preservation of the country and the control of security. It is inevitable and unavoidable, which the rulers of Spain were aware of. So, rulers imposed a severe restriction, accompanied by the imposition of a heavy tax on the trade of horses and mules, especially those entering Islamic cities, and they were keen that the horses would not fall into the hands of Muslims, for fear that they would be used for military purposes and to carry out military operations against the Christian kingdoms. The study was organized with an introduction, two sections, and a conclusion. The first topic bore the title of the Andalusian environment and its impact on horse breeding, devoted to explaining the role of the Andalusian environment in horse breeding, with reference to the types of horses and the diseases that affect them. The joints of public life and its role in peace, war, gifts and diplomatic missions. Finally, the conclusion embodies the most prominent findings of the study, relying on the descriptive historical method, and analyzing what can be analyzed.

Abstract:             The Levant suffered from administrative chaos and the instability of its political, security and economic conditions from the late sixteenth century until the beginning of the seventeenth century. The Ottoman authority endured a great deal of bad general conditions there because it preoccupied with its external wars on the western fronts with Austria and Spain and the eastern front with the Safavid state in Persia. This period was one of the most turbulent periods in the history of the Levant since its control in 1516 AD. The research sheds light on the nature of the Ottoman administration in the Levant, which was reflected in the general conditions there during that period.

Abstract: Abstract      Britain played a major role in the internal conflicts of the Arabian Gulf region in general, and the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman in particular. This was done by fueling strife and controlling the tribal leaders and sheikhs inside Oman, and in return feeding the Omani coast represented by the Sultan (Muscat), with the support of one party at the expense of The other party with the use of bribes, gifts and financial grants to both parties to achieve its goals in Muscat and Oman.       External and internal factors also contributed to activate the British role in the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman.  Such factors include the departure of Sultan Taimur bin Faisal to India and leaving the affairs of the Sultanate in the hands of the British political agent in Muscat and the tribal conflict and eternal hostility between the Imamate in the Omani interior and the Sultan on the Omani coast. Therefore, the Britain's role and influence over the Sultanate were strengthened and the country was in political, economic, social and cultural chaos.

Abstract: یهدف البحث الى  دراسة الصورة بوصفها قیمة جمالیة  قائمة على الانزیاح فی روایتی الاعصار والمئذنة وفارابا للروائیین عماد الدین خلیل وعبدالمنعم الأمیر، إذ سنتخذ الصورة وسیلة اجرائیة ومدخلا  نطمح من خلاله أن نقدم رؤیة نقدیة للنصین الذین استخدما الصورة فی سیاق  البنیة التکوینیة  فی السرد  للنص، إذ تبدو الصورة محورا  فی اعادة تقدیم الواقع فی الروایتین  والکشف عن التحولات  فیه وذلک عبر قدرة الصورة  على محاکاة الواقع وکذا الشعور واللاشعور ونقل الوجدان فهی بذلک تصبح ذات ابعاد وانماط  متعددة  تعکس الوعی  بالواقع وازماته ، فالروائی قادر على رسم شتى الصور ضمن متخیله السردی بوساطة  الوصف والحوار والرؤیة على اعتبار انها  من الالیات المهمة فی تشکیل  الصور السردیة ، فالروائی یلتقط الصور من واقعه ویربطها برؤاه التی یود طرحها فی النص ، فیسعى فی ذلک الى استثمار التاریخ او الاسطورة  او المسائل الاجتماعیة التی یراها فی مجتمعه على سبیل المثال ولیس الحصر ، فیصوغها فی نصه ، فیشکل مشهدا یمنح القاریء متعة فضلا عن اثارة تأویلات عدیدة لدیه

Abstract:              The Arab Islamic city formed the interest of many researchers and historians. They sought to know the political, geographical and historical conditions that were behind its establishment. The Islamic Maghreb witnessed a wide urban movement represented by the emergence and expansion of cities. This arose as a result of the political stability that Morocco witnessed and brought about a radical change in society with the emergence of many cities that paved the way for the beginning of Arab stability, and these integrated cities combine the various conditions agreed upon by the Arab Muslims. Among these cities is the city of Raqqada, one of the most important cities of the Aghlabids, which was built to serve as their headquarters instead of the city of Abbasiya (the old palace), as it was known for its distinguished location, its many orchards, and its clean air. Accordingly, the current study deals with its origin, planning, and its political, social and economic history, as well as its cultural centres represented by the House of Wisdom.  Thus, the city of Raqqada represents a scientific beacon and a cultural symbol in the Near Maghreb.

Abstract:           The Ayyubid era witnessed great interest in religious buildings represented in mosques, scenes, schools, gorges, and grottoes. The Mamluk state followed them, but the Mamluk urban character was distinguished by delicate decorations and marble of various colours. So, Mamluk Cairo was truly a great museum. Hence, the study sheds light on the most famous religious buildings in both countries, with diligence in providing an accurate description of their distinct urban nature in showing unity and diversity in this aspect.

Abstract:   The aim of the research is to find out: 1- The effect of smart training on a number of physical variables of the football players of the experimental group. 2- The effect of traditional training on a number of physical variables of the football players of the control group. 3- The statistically significant differences in a number of physical variables for football players between the two post tests for the two groups (experimental and control).   The researcher hypothesized that: 1-    There are statistically significant differences in a number of physical variables for football players between the pre and post tests of the experimental group. 2-    There are statistically significant differences in a number of physical variables for football players between the pre and post tests of the control group. 3-    There are statistically significant differences in some of the physical variables for football players between the two post tests for the two groups (experimental and control).           The researcher used the experimental method for its relevance to the nature of the research.  The research community was deliberately determined from the youth players of the Mosul Sports Club in football for the sports season (2020-2021). It consisted of (40) players, (24) players were selected as the research sample. By following the random selection method using lottery, the sample was divided into two groups: experimental and control with (12) players for each group. The following statistical methods were used: (percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, (T) test for linked and independent samples, simple correlation coefficient (Pearson), mode, skew coefficient) and the statistical bag (SPSS) was used to process the data. The researchers concluded that: 1- The training design for smart training implemented by the experimental group made a significant development in some physical variables which are (strength characterized by speed of the legs, explosive power of the legs, maximum transitional speed, motor response speed, speed length of the legs, flexibility, compatibility) with the exception of the adjective of elongation that did not reach the moral level. 2- The training design for the trainer, which was implemented by the control group, made a significant development in the physical variables (the explosive power of the legs, maximum transitional speed, flexibility). 3-The experimental group that used smart training in the post-test outperformed the control group that adopted the trainer’s training in the physical variables (strength characterized by speed of the legs, speed of motor response, speed length of the legs, agility, compatibility). After identifying the scientific conclusions related to the topic of the research, the researchers recommend the following: 1- Paying attention to smart training when developing training designs for youth teams, as the results of the research showed the development of physical attributes. 2- Paying attention to special physical qualities, and comprehensive practical training by football coaches. 3- Applying smart training to other age groups, such as the cubs and juniors' category, to show its impact on the development events of these groups. 4- Applying smart training with other exercises to determine their impact and importance for football players.

Abstract: This study aims at: Preparing the psycho-social programme for increasing self-esteem of seated volleyball players, Identifying the effect of the psycho-social programme on increasing self-esteem of seated volleyball players, and Identifying the differences between the pre- and post-test of the experimental and control groups and the differences of the post-tests of the two groups in self-esteem scale. To verify the aims of the study, the following hypotheses have been put: There are statistical significant differences between self-esteem pre- and post-tests of the control and experimental groups. There are statistical significant differences, in the degrees of self-esteem between the control and experimental groups in the post-tests. The experimental design has been used for its suitability to the nature of the study. As for the sample of the study, it has been chosen purposefully; the experimental group is represented by the seated players in Ninevah who were (12) and the control group is represented by the seated players in Diala and who were also (12). The self-esteem scale was built and used by the researcher to collect data. Turning to the psycho-social programme, built by the researcher, it has been applied on the experimental group only. This application has been distributed on (12) sessions, (2) sessions per week. The two groups have been checked for equivalence in the variable of the study. To analyze the data, the (SPSS) statistical programme and other statistical tools have been used. The following conclusions have been arrived at: The appropriateness of self-esteem scale, built by the researcher, for its effect in increasing self-esteem of seated volleyball players in the experimental group . There are statistical significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in self-esteem of the experimental group. As for the recommendations, the most important ones are: Adopting the scale of self-esteem for seated volleyball players and trying to apply it on other activities especially in disabled sports. The necessity to enlighten trainers to have interest in psychological programmes for the disabled and to develop themselves through attending training sessions from time to time. The necessity of the psychological advisor presence side by side with the technical trainer in all sport teams to help players and qualify them psychologically in addition to the physical, technical, and planning qualifications.

Abstract:                       The problem of the current research arose in conducting an experimental study to reveal the effect of possession of the ball training exercises on some of the physical characteristics of young football players. To reach to an acceptable scientific explanation to solve the problem of the current study, the following question is raised: "Does the ball possession exercises have a positive effect on the total physical characteristics under investigation?". So, the aim of the research is to reveal the effect of the ball possession exercises on some of the physical characteristics of football players, and to reveal the significance of statistical differences in a number of the physical characteristics of the football players between the experimental and control groups in the post-test. The research community deliberately involved the players of the Bright Future Youth Football Club in Nineveh governorate for the football season (2019-2020), whose number was (30) players, and the research sample consisted of (20) players representing a percentage of (75%) of the research community, and the researchers concluded:                                                                                                                                                                                                        1- The latest training design for ball possession exercises carried out by the experimental group has developed in all physical characteristics (agility and maximum transitional speed, explosive power of the leg muscles, the characteristic force of velocity for the muscles of the legs, the characteristic strength of the speed of the abdominal muscles, elongation of force for the muscles of the legs, speed elongation, and elongation the public.                                                                                                          2- The training design of the control group, implemented by the trainer, brought about a significant development in the two characteristics of general elongation and strength and speed of the abdominal muscles.                                                                                      3- The experimental group that used ball possession exercises in the post tests outperformed the control group in all the general and special physical characteristics that were dealt with in the research.                                                                                      

Abstract:          The importance of the research lies in adopting a modern training method that benefits the stiffness of the body. Modern exercises have been followed to increase the strength of the core muscle and the most important physical abilities of handball players. The research aims to: 1. Prepare exercises for physical stiffness that are compatible with the capabilities of the research sample. 2. Identify the effect of physical stiffness exercises on some of the physical abilities of the research sample.          The experimental design was used, and the research sample was chosen from the players of the College of Basic Education team handball for the academic year (2019-2020) at the age of (18-20) years. The results revealed that physical strength exercises, represented by (deep training and functional exercises) have helped in the development of physical abilities, and it was recommended to adopt training according to the method of physical stiffness, as it is compatible with the performance nature of the effectiveness of handball and according to what the law allows in friction and assertive behaviour.

Abstract:            The aim of the research is to reveal the effectiveness of the training program based on blended learning in developing the practical performance of a number of teaching skills for physical education teachers in the city of Mosul. The researchers used the experimental method.            The research community consisted of physical education teachers who graduated from the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the College of Basic Education at the University of Mosul and whose job service ranges between (10-15) years in the schools of the Nineveh Governorate Center for the academic year (2021-2022), and their number is (89) female teachers. As for the sample of the research, it consisted of (25) female teachers. The researchers relied on the design of a single experimental group with a pre-and post-test, after making sure of the homogeneity among the group members in (age in years, number of years of functional service, and practical performance of teaching skills). A training program based on blended learning was designed, in addition to the preparation of a performance note card for a number of teaching skills, and after presenting the training program, its general and behavioural objectives and its theoretical content with a model for an electronic and in-person training session, and obtaining official approvals from the Department of Preparation and Training affiliated to the Directorate of Education of Nineveh Governorate. The program was implemented in 7 weeks, with three sessions per week. Two of the sessions are electronic, followed by an in-person session. The program was started on 30/11/2021 and ended on 11/1/2022. After the program completion, a post-test was conducted for the research sample, and the data was collected and statistically processed using the statistical program (SPSS). The results showed that there are significant differences between the mean scores of the pre and post-tests in the level of practical performance of teaching skills and the interest of the post-test. Hence, the researchers concluded the following: - The effectiveness of the training program in developing the practical performance of a number of teaching skills for physical education teachers. - The effectiveness of blended learning in employing the training program and achieving its objectives.    

Abstract: Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative, micro-aerobic, spiral-shaped bacteria and which considered one of the main factors that lead to stomach disorders such as gastric atrophy, stomach cancer, chronic gastritis, and peptic ulcers. This study is carried out in Nineveh Governorate, Iraq included 325 participants, after conducting a series of tests to detect whether H. pylori infection is positive among participants, the number of infected participants were150 (48 males and 102 females), then complete Blood Counts test were done in order to investigate the relationship between the Component Blood Count and the infection of H. pylori. These results concluded that H. pylori infection is more prevalent in females, also the percentage of infection decreases ages over 60 years and children less than 15 years, the incidence of H. pylori infection increases in people blood type A, the study didn't show any effect of smoking on the increased risk of infection with H. pylori. In this study, the infected patients with H. pylori recorded an increase in WBCs equal to 24%, while lymphocyte counts didn't record any changes, RBCs were increases by 12%, some infected patients had fluctuations of increase and decrease in the level of Hb, figures were between 8% and 24%, respectively, the increase in the platelet count was 12%, and the decrease was 4%. There are significant differences in the relationship between infection with H. pylori and other factors such as; gender, age, WBCs, lymphocyte counts, RBCs, Hb, and platelet counts in the infected group at P ≤ 0.05.

Abstract: The ionization constant of five acidic compounds derived from n-formylpiperidine was theoretically studied, and in this study, the factors affecting the pKa of ionization constant of acidic compounds derived from n-formylpyridine were found, which are represented by Vander Waals forces, energy levels, hardness, chemical potential, and spherical electrophile index through Conducting a theoretical study of these compounds using two methods of quantum mechanics for the purpose of comparison, which are semi-empirical calculations, including Austin AM1 method, and Ab-initio basic calculations, including (HF) Hartree Fock method using Chem program. Office 2008 and the extent to which these two methods are compatible with the known chemical bases was determined by discussing the theoretical variables that were calculated using the two methods mentioned above to determine which of these two methods is the best in calculating these variables and finding the relationship between the theoretically calculated physical variables with each other and determining their nature. These constants were linked with the practical values ​​of the ionization constant by conducting a simple and multiple statistical analysis process. The results gave a good relationship with the ionization constant through the high values ​​of the correlation equations (R2) that were obtained. After conducting the multi-statistical analysis process, it was found that the best variables that affect the ionization constant in the (AM1) method are (MC-N8, Str.), and in the (HF) method are (W, Str.) and the rest of the variables were theoretically excluded because the coefficients of those variables Very few or equal to zero, and therefore these variables were adopted to obtain a relationship with better results, as it is noted that the values ​​of the correlation coefficient in the two methods are ([AM1] {0.9942}), ([HF] {0.9985}). By comparing the theoretical values ​​with the practical ones, it was found that the results of the HF method were closer to the practical results.  

Abstract: A simple and fast spectrophotometric method has been developed for determination of resorcinol based on the oxidative coupling reaction with terephthalic acid and in the presence of coppric sulfate as an oxidizing agent in basic medium from NaOH to form a colored product. The maximum absorption of the resulting complex at the wavelength was 440 nm, and the molar absorbance was 7486 l.mol-1. cm-1 for concentrations that followed Beer's law in the range of 0.4-18 μg. ml-1, The detection limit value was 0.55 μg. ml-1 and the quantitative limit was 1.82 μg. ml-1. and the accuracy of the method was 98.55%, while the relative standard deviation was less than 2.5% for the studied compound. It was found that resorcinol is formed with terephthalic acid in a ratio of 1:1, and the stability ratio of the formed complex was 4.844×105 (l.mol-1), which indicates the good stability of the product.  

Abstract: Abstract A direct simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of domperidone maleate (DOM), carvedilol (CAR), dimetindene maleate (DIM), and cinnarizine (CIN) in bluk and pharmaceutical formulations. The method was based on the formation of ion association complexes between the studied drugs and erythrosine B dye in citrate buffer solution (pH4.5), which show maximum absorbance at 555 nm for DOM or in acetate buffer solution (pH5-5.3) and measure the absorbance at 556, 556, 555 nm for CAR, DIM and CIN respectively. The method obeyed Beer,s law in the concentration range 0.5-20 µg/ml with molar absorptivity 3.70×104, 3.43×104,  2.62×104,  and 3.53×104 l.mol-1.cm-1 for DOM, CAR, DIM and CIN respectively. The accuracy (average recovery) was ranged between 99.47 and 101.27% and precision (RSD%) is less than 3.04%. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of studied drugs in pharmaceutical formulations with no interferences. The results were in agood  agreement with certified value, official method and standard addition procedure.

Abstract:      In this study, some of the ethyl carboxylate cyclohexenone compounds have been prepared which derived from the chalcone were compounds. The chalcone compounds have been prepared by reaction of  cyclohexanone with substituted benzaldehyde (1-8) in an base medium, the resulting chalcones reacted with ethyl acetoacetate using (EtOH/DMF) as a solvent  produce substituted cyclohexenone (9-16). The prepared compounds were characterized using physical methods, The prepared compounds were characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR for some of them The antibacterial activity were evaluated of some of them.                                                                                      Keyword: Chalcone, Cyclohexenone, Robinson reaction, Claisen–Schmidt reactions

Abstract: The research Aims to study the effect of the type of reactor (rust-resistant iron, Cupper, Aluminum, pyrex, tin-galvanized iron, pottery) on the properties of activated carbon prepared from the wood of the Lead Tree, after conducting a primary carbonization process for wood at a temperature of ( 350 °C) ,for a period of (3 hours) and after The carbonated substance is treated with potassium hydroxide in a ratio of (1:1) (potassium hydroxide: the carbonated substance), and then the carbonization and  activation process takes place at a temperature of (25 + 550 °C) for 2 hours, after which the activated carbon prepared in the various reactors is purified and then a process is carried out Evaluation of the prepared activated carbon such as (Iodine number, methylene blue dye, moisture , density, ash content) and comparison of the results obtained from the use of different reactors.  

Abstract: Total quality management in higher education institutions is one of the important issues at the global level in general and in the Arabic region and Iraq in particular. Where the higher education sector is the main source for creating and training human resources in all fields, it is the main hub for the development and support of societies. Therefore, attention should be paid to the quality of the performance of these institutions and their outcomes by employing one of the methods of operations research, which is the method of linear programming to maximize the quality of higher education. Such a quality has a fundamental role in providing the requirements and working methods of universities to reach advanced levels of outstanding performance, by stimulating and training their human resources and using advanced methods in scientific performance.  There are many problems that delay the progress of students’ development in their college education, including the poor infrastructure of suitable classrooms, and an appropriate number of teaching staff fit with the huge number of students accepted into colleges. The second problem is the professional and educational lack in the organization of how to measure and evaluate the quality of education. The importance of the research lies in studying the topic of total quality management in higher education institutions and thus reaching recommendations for decision-makers in senior management of these institutions. The College of Administration and Economics, with its seven departments, was taken as a sample for this research, and its actual documented data from the records of the college departments were used within restrictions that have a direct impact on the quality of education depending on the infrastructure, teaching staff, employees, and success rates. The ready-made program QSB (Quantitive System For Business) was used to obtain the solution of the model and to measure the quality standards in the various departments.  The results of the linear programming showed that the quality standard in the College of Administration and Economics was (38%) depending on the infrastructure, teachers, students, and employees, which is a good result compared to other variables that were not taken into account such (scientific research, community service, leadership, and organizing...).

Abstract:       Learning styles have gained the attention of educators specially curriculum designers due to its relation with how learners transfer information into knowledge. The present study tries to explore the learning styles of Kurd students at university level. In an attempt to find answers to the following research questions : "What are the common learning styles of Iraqi Kurd EFL learners?" and "Do Iraqi Kurd learners are able to define their styles of learning?". The study hypothesizes that English department students are visual, auditory, reading/writing and kinesthetic (hereafter VARK). It is also hypothesized that they are not able to regulate their learning styles. The results of the study have been collected by applying a questionnaire given to the sample. Furthermore, the results showed that most Iraqi Kurd EFL learners are visual and social learners that they agree with the items that are related to the above mentioned styles.

Abstract: Abstract This study is about Marsha Norman’s Night, Mother, and Traveler in the Dark are two of her best-known plays and often criticized. Norman uses grotesque images in the portrayal of the plays’ incidents and characters, and the implications of gender roles found therein. Norman’s works are well known for her care to violence committed by men upon women. This study aims to explore Norman’s treatment of gender and violence using elements of the grotesque from the psychobiological side. While much criticism of Norman’s works suggests that she uses grotesque violence to bemoan the victimization of women. My point of view is that Norman's handling of gender discloses that, irrespective of sex, individuals who fight to adapt to the prescribed roles of gender presented by society to them are grotesque and problematic.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Abstract: Abstract Language syllabus is a crucial element in the educational process. It is based on a decision about the "units" of classroom activity and the "sequence" in which they are to be performed. However, the researchers see that syllabus design is neglected nowadays, and it needs more light shading on. So, in this study, the researchers present the concepts of the syllabus, then, the most influential approaches to the syllabus are accounted for. Last, the researchers shed light on the basic types of syllabi be applied in the classroom. After stating and observing the theoretical account, the researchers conclude that the syllabus concepts are very crucial area needs to focus on as it represents a guide for both the teacher and the student in the classroom setting. Moreover, there are many syllabus types with a set of concepts; each leads to a specific type of syllabus. Last, according to the approaches stated, there are six syllabus types that most educationalists agreed upon. However, in real practice, more than one type of syllabus is applied. Key Words: Syllabus, Concepts, Approaches, Types