Abstract
The Moslem Arabs mixed with the people of conquered countries on both the social and intellectual levels. As Moslems granted religious freedom to those people, they continued their cultural activities concerning study, composition and translation whether in cultural centers or in monasteries or personal baren.
The Umayyad era witnessed civilized and intellectual influence between the Moslems Arabs and the people of the conquered countries for getting much information about these nations. Thus the translation of philosophy, medicine, chemistry, and astronomy appeared. The movement of translation expanded in the first century A.D under the influence of the Christians and the desire of the Umayyads.
The study includes the following sections: the first section deals with the most important cultural centers with which influenced the development of science especially translation. These centers are ( Haran, Alraha, Nissibeen and Antakya ).
The second section includes the development of translation which started in the Umayyad Era. The most important figure is Khalid bin Yazid who ordered to translate books in Medicine and Chemistry into Arabic.
The third section talks about the role of Syriac and other people in translation and foreign sciences which were translated into Arabic.
The fourth section presents the famous translators who appeared in AL Sham who had a vital role in translating the Greek Sciences to the human civilization and specially the European.
