الملخص

The research reviews the most important foreign political situations of the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid I, as the Ottoman Empire faced during his reign a lot of political events, which were represented in a series of wars fought against the major European countries, led by the Russian-Ottoman war and its signing of the Kocek Kinarji Treaty, as well as the entry of the state The Ottoman Empire was at war with Iran during the Zandids’ rule in Iran and their occupation of Baghdad, and the Ottoman Empire entered into another new war with Russia, which ended with its loss of Crimea in favor of Russia, in addition to these events, the research also discussed the issue of the Russian-Austrian wars and their alliance against it and the position of Sultan Abdul Hamid the first of them. Hence, the pages of this research will focus on the most important external events of the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid I and the resulting repercussions that in turn affected the conditions of the Ottoman Empire in general after losing many of its parts in favor of these countries. The research reviews the most important foreign political situations of the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid I, as the Ottoman Empire faced during his reign a lot of political events, which were represented in a series of wars fought against the major European countries, led by the Russian-Ottoman war and its signing of the Kocek Kinarji Treaty, as well as the entry of the state The Ottoman Empire was at war with Iran during the Zandids’ rule in Iran and their occupation of Baghdad, and the Ottoman Empire entered into another new war with Russia, which ended with its loss of Crimea in favor of Russia, in addition to these events, the research also discussed the issue of the Russian-Austrian wars and their alliance against it and the position of Sultan Abdul Hamid the first of them. Hence, the pages of this research will focus on the most important external events of the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid I and the resulting repercussions that in turn affected the conditions of the Ottoman Empire in general after losing many of its parts in favor of these countries.