الملخص

This study examines the educational roles in the institutions of knowledge in the city of Jerusalem during the first half of the 18th century AD, through the records of the Jerusalem Sharia Court, as a primary source in the research due to the vast amount of rich and important information it contains about the precise details of various aspects of daily life. The study revealed that most of the roles were related to religious education in reading the Quran and the Prophet's sayings. In addition to teaching intellectual and transmitted sciences, the roles varied within an educational hierarchy that begins with the tutor who teaches children to memorize the Quran in private offices, then education moves to various educational institutions such as mosques, notably Al-Aqsa Mosque, schools, zawiyas, and charitable institutions. The roles range from teacher to assistant and to the highest ranks of the profession, the sheikh. The Ottoman state paid great attention and care to the holders of these positions, granting them special titles and allocating financial resources disbursed from the endowments allocated to educational institutions, as well as funds from Rome and Egypt. This prompted the holders of these positions to make them hereditary for their descendants.