الملخص

Southern Kurdistan is an area of attraction for the interests of major powers, especially in the second half of the nineteenth century until World War I, due to its economic and strategic importance. Britain, Tsarist Russia, Manba, and France worked during the period extending from the second half of the nineteenth century until World War I to find a foothold for themselves in Southern Kurdistan and the attempt to penetrate among the Kurdish clans.      This was represented in many ways, whether through diplomatic activity or travelers and archaeologists For their part, the Kurdish tribes in southern Kurdistan formed an important and distinguished part of the population in terms of their social and economic conditions. Therefore, foreign interests focused on trying to win the loyalty of the Kurdish tribes in southern Kurdistan on their side      This study was divided into three axes. The first dealt with giving a brief picture of the importance of the economic and social composition of the clan in southern Kurdistan .      The second axis touched on the diplomatic rivalry of major powers and their activity among the Kurdish clans in southern Kurdistan from the second half of the nineteenth century until World War I and the impact of that conflict on the Kurdish clans .      The third axis touched on the role of foreign travelers and archaeologists who visited Kurdish tribal areas in southern Kurdistan during the period from the second half of the nineteenth century until World War I in an attempt to establish their influence among the Kurdish clans in southern Kurdistan