Abstract
Tal Afar is a city whose history goes back to ancient times, and it was famous for its Assyrian castle known as "Tal Afar Castle". In the Ottoman era it had political، administrative and economic importance as it was one of the first Iraqi cities that entered the Ottoman circle in 1516. Based on what is mentioned above, and in the framework of the formation of a comprehensive historical image of the history of modern Iraq (the history of Iraq in the Ottoman era) with its cities and towns ، we have chosen such a study entitled "Tal Afar in the Ottoman era: A Political ، Administrative، and economic Study". The research section includes a preamble and three sections with its political, administrative and economic titles, as the political topic indicated: the entry of Tal Afar into Ottoman control and the political facts therein, with a focus on the Ottoman military campaigns on Tal Afar, the most famous of which was the campaign of Muhammad Pasha Ince Bayraktar in 1841 AD. As for the administrative topic, it touched on the administrative subordination of Tal Afar and the administrative apparatus therein as (Nahiyah), and the topic also referred to the urban landmarks, the municipality department, and other topics, and between the economic topic: agriculture, animal husbandry, trade, and others. The research relied on a set of sources, which are: Ottoman documents, manuscripts, Ottoman pamphlets, university theses, Arabic, Ottoman, Turkish and English books, research, studies and others.
