Abstract
The measures taken by Mustafa Kemal during the War of Independence, in which he attempted to consolidate power in his hands, and the subsequent developments of the War of Independence, including the abolition of the Sultanate in 1922, the declaration of the Republic in 1923, and the abolition of the Caliphate in 1924, stirred dissent among Mustafa Kemal's colleagues, particularly those who supported him during the War of Independence, especially those with religious inclinations. Given that most of his colleagues were loyal to the Ottoman Sultan, this led to differences in perspectives between the two sides, prompting them to form an opposition party, the Progressive Republican Party, in 1924. This was the first opposition party in the history of the Turkish Republic. Although the party's strength did not reach the level its founders aspired to, it nonetheless formed an opposition that raised concerns among the followers of the Kemalist line, which represented the mainstream in Turkish political life. The research is divided into four axes. The first axis addresses the political opposition in Turkey during the period 1922-1924, while the second axis focuses on the establishment of the Progressive Republican Party in 1924. The third axis highlights the party's goals and programs, while the fourth axis sheds light on the role of the party in the dismissal of the İnönü government, and the fifth axis discusses the end of the party in 1925.
