Abstract
The interest of the Circassian Mamluk state required it to impose its hegemony over the Hijaz in general and Mecca in particular for two reasons: the first was religious for the leadership of the Islamic world at that time, and the second was economic, to control the economic capabilities of the Hijaz after the emergence of the port of Jeddah in the year (827 AH/1424 AD) and the balance of power in the Islamic world shifted after it lost The port of Aden, its economic status, and the shift of international trade in that year to the port of Jeddah, which served as the economic interface of Hejaz due to the arbitrary policy pursued by the Rasulid sultans In Yemen, against commercial boats coming from India and other countries. Therefore, we notice the interest of the Circassian Mamluks in Mecca and the attempt to stir up strife among its princes in order to weaken them and control the reins of government there by appointing whomever they see as more loyal to them. The study attempted to reveal the reasons that led to that policy. Which was adopted by the Circassian Mamluks in the Hijaz in general and Mecca in particular, and to give a clear picture of the conditions of Mecca internally and externally in that period The study showed the relationship between the nobles of Mecca and its princes and the conflicts that were taking place between them, as well as the rebellions that took place in that period by some military leaders and relationship The tribes surrounding Mecca and the rebellion those tribes, as well as the relationship between them and the Circassian Mamluk sultans before the fall of their state.
