College Of Basic Education Research Journal

     The purpose of the research is to identify the effect of using the Scamper strategy on developing the recitation skills of Islamic high school students and their retention of it  The size of the research sample was (53) students were divided into two groups, the first was experimental, the number of its members reached (26) students studied using the Scamper strategy, while the other was a control. The number of its members was (27). They studied in the usual way. The pure tool for measuring recitation skills consists of (26) gaps.  Multiple choice mode Statistical data were analyzed using    (the t-test, Coder Richardson's test 21), the results showed that there is a statistically significant difference at a significance level (0.05) between the experimental and control groups and in favor of the experimental group in developing recitation and retention skills.  Encouraging Islamic high school teachers and teachers to use the Scamper strategy in teaching because of its role in retaining information                                                                                              .

The current research aims to find out the effect of the Barman model on the acquisition of geographical concepts among middle school students and the development of their visual thinking skills.
In order to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher developed two null hypotheses, and for the purpose of verifying them, a sample of female students in the second intermediate grade in the Shereikhan Intermediate School for Girls was selected for the academic year (2019-2020) were intentionally selected from the research community, and the total number of its members was (48) students, of which (25) students were for the experimental group and (23) for the control group, where the experimental group was studied according to the Barman model, while the control group was studied according to the usual method.
The parity process between the two groups was carried out in a number of variables, which are (chronological age calculated in months, the general average in the first intermediate grade, the achievement in the social subject of the first intermediate grade, the IQ, the educational level of the parents).
The research also required two tools, the first of which is the Geographical Concepts Acquisition Test, which in its final form consisted of (30) test items for (10) ten main geographical concepts.Each concept was assigned (3) paragraphs that measure the elements of the concept (definition, example, application), respectively, and then it was chosen. (10) items of the type of pairing and matching to measure the definition, then (10) items of the multiple-choice type were chosen to measure discrimination, and (10) items were allocated from the multiple-choice type to measure the application, and the validity and reliability of the test were confirmed as it reached (30) items in its form Finally, the coefficient of difficulty, discriminatory power and effectiveness of the alternatives were extracted.
As for the second tool, it is a test of visual thinking skills, the researcher relied on Al-Zubaidi test (2018) for this purpose, as it consisted of (43) items distributed over seven skills, namely, information analysis, interpretation of information, visual discrimination, perception of relationships, deduction of meaning, symmetry, perception of difference).
( 0.75-0.85) . The researcher also prepared samples of teaching plans for the Barman model and the regular method, and verified their validity by presenting a sample from them to the arbitrators.
She conducted a pre-test for visual thinking skills, after which she began applying the research experiment on 10/2/2019 to the experimental and control research groups and continued to apply the experiment for a whole semester, which is the first semester of the 2019-2020 academic year. At the end of the experiment, the researcher applied the geographical concepts acquisition test to the two research groups. On December 25, 2019. And the visual thinking skills test (post-application) on 12/26/2019.
The researcher presented the average student grades on the tribal test of the average student grades on the remote test and found the average difference between the two tests to test visual thinking skills, and after correcting the students' answers to the instruments the researcher collected the data and analyzed it using (t-test) for two independent samples. The results showed what comes:
1-There is a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average degrees of acquisition of geographical concepts for students of the experimental group studied in accordance with the Barman model and the students of the control group that are taught in the usual way.
2- There is a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average development of visual thinking for students of the experimental group that is taught in accordance with the strategy of the Barman model and the students of the control group that studies in the usual way.
The researcher came up with recommendations, including preparing preparation and training for education, by conducting training courses for teachers of geography, from within the social context, to train them in the use of Barman

      The research aims to find out the impact The effect of teaching fourth grade physics with the Good and Lavoie model to teach students concepts the study sample was selected Intentionally, from a fourth scientific -grade student in prep. Alsharqiya school for boys on the right side in ;The city of Mosul, Nineveh Governorate, for the academic year (2020-2021) AD, and the total of its members reached (80) divided  Into two divisions, one representing the experimental group and the other traditional group , And this sample was distributed randomly in each of them and divided into four attendance classes representing the traditional group  (40) students. The two researchers have verified their equivalence in a number of variables, and to test the research hypothesis, the two researchers prepared a conceptual test in physics, in its final form of (30) objective items of the two types intended for the test from multiple triple alternatives, and it was characterized by honesty and consistency as it reached (0.81). It has extracted its psychometric properties and has The two researchers assigned the subject teacher at the school to teach physics for the experimental and control groups according to the integrated education in the presence of the students, starting on Saturday (19/12/2020), and its application took (9) weeks, at the rate of two lessons On a weekly presence and electronically, and after completing the experiment on Saturday (13/2/2021), the two researchers applied the search tool in presence, and after collecting data and analysing it statistically using the T-test for two independent samples, the result indicated: -t-test, "There is a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the averages of the students' acquisition of the experimental and control groups for the physical concepts and for the benefit of the experimental group ."In light of the results of the research, the two researchers came up with a number of conclusions and recommended a number of recommendations, in addition to proposing a number of titles for future studies.

The current research aimed to identify the distinguished performance of te0aching faculties / University of Mosul in light of the Corona pandemic according to variables (gender, academic rank, specialization) by answering the following questions:
1. Is there a statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) in the level of outstanding performance compared to the hypothetical average?
2. Is there a statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) in the level of outstanding performance according to the gender variable (males, females)?
3.  Is there a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) in the level of outstanding performance according to the scientific rank variable (teacher and assistant teacher - professor and assistant professor)?
4. Is there a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) in the level of distinguished performance according to the variable of specialization (scientific - humanitarian)
 The research community consisted of all the faculty members in the colleges of education at the University of Mosul, who were (976) teaching staff for the 2020/2021 academic year, and (265) teaching and teaching staff members were selected for the research, with a ratio of (27%) to the total community.
 In order to measure the research variable, the two researchers prepared the outstanding performance tool, and the validity of the three types of the scale was verified by presenting it to a group of experts specializing in educational sciences.  , 84) and (0.86), respectively, and the data were treated using, the T test for one sample and two independent samples.
 The two researchers reached a number of results:

The faculty members of the Faculties of Education at the University of Mosul for the departments (scientific and humanitarian) enjoy excellent performance with an above average degree.
. The members of the faculty were equal in their assessment of the level of outstanding performance in the variable of specialization (scientific - humanitarian), while it was found that there are differences attributable to the variable of sex and in favor of (males) and the academic rank and in favor of the rank (professor and assistant professor).

 In light of these results, the researchers put forward a number of recommendations.
 The researchers also suggested conducting future studies based on outstanding performanc

          The current research aims at revealing the methodologies for applying students from their supervisors view in general, to know the meaning of variances in methodologies level for applying students according to sex variables ( male – females ) and specialization           ( scientific – humanitarian ) . The researcher used descriptive method and Tikman tool adopted by (Al-Hiyali – 2001 ) in forming items to measure methodologies. The sample reached ( 50 )
lecturers of basic education – university of Mosul .This sample was taken from the society reaching ( 197 ) to be ( 120 ) males and ( 77 ) females .The validity and stability of the scale was achieved through passing a panel of experts specialized in educational and psychological field Data statistically treated using the following statistical means :           ( Pearson conjunction factor, Spearman Brown for mula,T-Test of one sample and two independent samples ) .
The researcher concluded the following results :
-Applying students have a certain level of methodologies in general.
-No statistically significant differences at the level of followed methodologies by applying students according to sex variables            ( males – females ) .
-No statistically significant differences the level of methodologies followed by applying students according to specialization ( scientific humanitarian ) .
The researcher made a number of recommendations and suggestions: 
-Pay attention to train applying students through application period on modern methodologies which increase achievement .
-Make a study to explain the relation between methodologies of applying students and their need for educational rehabilitation .

The research at identify the level of Mental openness educational , And Conscience Vitality among Graduate Students at the Universities of Mosul and Tikrit , as well as the relationship between Mental openness and conscience Vitality , also to identify the differences in the relationship between Mental openness and conscience Vitality according to the variables " gender (Male / Female) ,degree (Master / PhD) , Universities (Mosul / Tikrit) , the basic research sample gas composed from (440) students from the students of Higher Studies Master and PhD in the Universities has chosen randomly . To achieve the research objectives , the researchers prepared two tools that fit with the age and mental level of the research sample the researchers prepared the measure of Mental openness and component final version of (30) paragraphs and with (5) alternatives as well as preparation of the tool of conscience Vitality and component of (35) paragraphs and with (5) alternatives after checking the honesty and consistency of both tools . After applying the two tools and collecting the data , the data was treated statistically using the T . Test of single sample and two independent sample in the Statistics Program (SPSS) .
The results showed that the respondents had a high level of Mental openness and conscience Vitality among the respondents as well as the results research also showed a correlation between Mental openness and conscience Vitality .
Based on the results that have been reaches' researcher identified a set of recommendations .

یُعد التحکیم الإلکترونی وسیلة من وسائل تسویة المنازعات المهمة لما یتمیز به من السرعة و المرونة و الیسر التی قد لا تکون موجودة لدى القضاء العادی أیا ً ولا حتى فی التحکیم العادی سواء کان داخلیا ً ام خارجیا ً فالتحکیم العادی إلى جانب الاجراءات المُطولة و التکالیف الباهضة لا یلائم السرعة التی تحتاجها التجارة فی وقتنا الحالی ، و سنحاول من خلال هذا البحث تسلیط الضوء على المنازعات الخاصة بالتحکیم الالکترونی و محاولة إیجاد الحلول لهذه المشکلة .یُعد التحکیم الإلکترونی وسیلة من وسائل تسویة المنازعات المهمة لما یتمیز به من السرعة و المرونة و الیسر التی قد لا تکون موجودة لدى القضاء العادی أیا ً ولا حتى فی التحکیم العادی سواء کان داخلیا ً ام خارجیا ً فالتحکیم العادی إلى جانب الاجراءات المُطولة و التکالیف الباهضة لا یلائم السرعة التی تحتاجها التجارة فی وقتنا الحالی ، و سنحاول من خلال هذا البحث تسلیط الضوء على المنازعات الخاصة بالتحکیم الالکترونی و محاولة إیجاد الحلول لهذه المشکلة .

This research aims to identify thinking dependent on both sides of the brain and its relationship to the habits of mind among students of the biological fifth grade in  Mosul city, in order to verify the aim of the research  using (five) null hypotheses, and the researcher used the relational descriptive approach, and the study sample consisted of (331) students of the fifth grade of the biological for the academic year (2020-2021). As the sample was intentionally chosen from the research community in secondary  schools in the city center of Mosul, and to achieve the objective of the research and its hypotheses, the researcher used the following tools:
1 - The scale of thinking on both sides of the brain that the researcher adopted from the study of (Al-Dulaimi, 2005).
2 - The habits test of the mind developed by the researcher from (Afaneh, 2013).
And after the researcher ensured the validity and reliability of the tools and presented them to a group of experts that were ready for application, the researcher applied The tools electronically on the sample on (2-2-2021) and the application ended on (3-14-2021) and after collecting the data and analyzing it statistically, the results revealed. The following:
1 - The dominant thinking pattern among female students in the fifth biological grade is the left one with a percentage of (49.939%) and a frequency of (165) students, followed by the right thinking pattern with a percentage of (44.936%) and a frequency of (148) students, and finally (5.123%), and a frequency of (17) students for those who used integrated thinking pattern.
2 - There is no statistically significant difference from the biological performance of fifth-grade students on the habits of mind test and the hypothetical mean of the test.
3 - The presence of significant differences from the three groups according to the patterns of thinking and the test of the habits of the mind, where the left type was superior on the right type in the test of the habits of the mind the right style and the left pattern were superior on the integrated pattern in the test of the habits of the mind.

         The current research aimed to identify the advisory needs of students of the College of Basic Education at the University of Duhok and to identify the differences in the extension needs according to the gender variable. The number of (10) departments, where the basic sample amounted to (100) male and female students, of (10) students in each department, with (5) males and (5) females, the researcher prepared a questionnaire with guidance needs that contained (32) guidance needs in its final form Within five domains, her apparent validity and stability were extracted by the method of retesting, where the treatment reached (0.82), after applying the tool and conducting statistical treatment with the data by extracting the weighted mean and percentage weight, the sample of students appeared to have some needs in all areas and there were significant differences between males and females in the two fields. They are the field (psychological, sexual). In light of the results, the researcher recommended a set of recommendations and proposals.

The research aims to analyze the content of the primary science books fourth, fifth and sixth in light of the dimensions of scientific culture
1-Defining the dimensions of scientific culture in the book of principles of science for the fourth grade of primary school.
2-Defining the dimensions of the scientific culture in the book The Principles of Science for the fifth grade of primary school.
3-Defining the dimensions of scientific culture in the book of principles of science for the sixth grade of primary school.
In order to achieve these goals, the researcher used the descriptive and analytical approach, and the researcher adopted in the analysis the science content analysis tool to determine the dimensions of scientific culture and its indicators in the science books for the three (fourth, fifth and sixth) primary grades, which include each of the following dimensions: -
1-History and nature of science 4. Science and its relationship to personal and community life4. Science and its relationship to personal and community life
2-Science, technology and society 5. Scientific thinking and exploration.
3-Ethics of science.
On the idea as a unit of analysis and repetition as a unit for the census, the validity of the tool and the safety and stability of the analysis were confirmed by external analysts and the researcher with himself over time. The researcher reached a set of results for the sub and main dimensions of the three books of science with statistical proportions and the results were in the interest of the content of the sixth grade book with the scientific dimensions And cultural, and after the fifth primary, and then the content of the fourth primary book. The researcher proposed a set of proposals and recommendations

  The aim of the research is to diagnose aspects of the quality of teaching performance among faculty members in the Department of Life Sciences / College of Education for Pure Sciences. To achieve the goal, a questionnaire was prepared that includes four areas (personal characteristics, teaching methods, knowledge sources, advanced technology, and evaluation). Each field has a number of paragraphs, and after honesty and reliability procedures, A number of fourth-grade students in the Department of Life Sciences (60) were selected to represent the research sample. And asked them to answer the paragraphs of the questionnaire completely freely without mentioning the names. The frequencies were collected for each paragraph and for each of the four alternatives, and the arithmetic mean and percentage for each paragraph were deduced. The statistical results showed the arithmetic mean of all paragraphs of the questionnaire (2.88) and a percentage (73.32%). In the sense of the quality of performance of the teachers was at a low level, the researcher made a number of suggestions and recommendations.

: Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad, his family and companions as a whole.
The arbitrariness in implementing the chapter on Ijtihad is a cost and an exaggeration is rejected by the majority of the imams of Usul al-Fiqh, and saying that the door of ijtihad is dismissed for those who have the capacity for ijtihad and its conditions, is a prejudice to the right of the ummah, the right of the mujtahid, and it is a waste of many interests, Moreover, the statement that it is impermissible to implement the chapter of Ijtihad, which is a reality from the first era to the present day, is a denial of something that
cannot be denied, and it is something that cannot be prevented due to an urgent need for it.

This research deals with the Islamic conquest of Kufa and the affiliation of the Companions - may God be pleased with them - to it, and this research is divided into an introduction, three sections, and a conclusion. Kufa and its construction, and included the reasons for Muslims choosing Kufa, and the investigation of the origin of the Companions - may God be pleased with them - to the homelands. The Kufic Companions - may God be pleased with them - The second topic included companions whose companionship is uncertain,  likely to be proven, and companions whose companionship is uncertain, likely  not to be proven. The third topic included the virtues of some of the Kufic companions - may God be pleased with them and   an explanation of the meaning of the word efforts,   of the alphabet and success from Allah.                                               .

This research deals with the discussion of the myth as an epistemological structure constructed by the great questions of consciousness, which were formulated by human thought since its first formations. As the myth accompanied man in his continuous struggle with nature and the cruelty of life, and it is the objective equivalent of man’s disappointments, or its the focus from which he sees the light.
Therefore, studying the myth is not an interpretation or textual explanation, and seeking for the meaning only, but also in the research for the aesthetics of the artistic work, and linking the text to its owner and collective conditions by dealing with the phenomena of texts not as individual phenomena, but as collective phenomena.
      The impact of mythological thought was not limited to anthropological and social studies only, but also to the creative activity in all artistic and literary genres such as drawing, sculpture, dance, theater, cinema, television, poetry, story, novel, ... etc. Its employment in fictional work constitutes an artistic and creative vision, and in this reading we will deal with two stories (Shamormat) and (Before he goes to his fate) from the (Scent of Cinema) group of short stories by Nizar Abdul Sattar, and we have separated them from the group because they differ from the rest one.
 

       Elegies constituted a dominant thematic pattern in Islamic literature, or Islamic conquests’ literature, due to its representation of what wars are related to of killing or facing death. Hence, the theme of elegies was an important one especially what was related to new aspects that were inserted in the Islamic Era which surpassed the religious aspects and their rituals to go up to metaphysics and attempt to balance between the obliteration of the body and its mortality, and the continuance of the soul, its purity and immortality. We cannot imagine that the elegy of Malik ibn al- Rayb which was approached in many studies has addressed the philosophy of self- obliteration and soul continuance and the strategy of self- purification which was discovered in the prologue and the epilogue of the poem; the connection or association and the difference between the prologue and the epilogue in this poem worked on strategies that started from self- alienation and their obliteration in search of immortality at the end of the poem by way of maintaining the eternal and sublime meanings. Since the introduction was the front of the Arabic poem, so the ancient poets were proficient and creative in it. Our poet Malik bin-Al-Rayeb followed their approach and excelled as they excelled and innovated in their poetic production

The sofi thought represent a wide space in the fslawic thought .ft is characterized by us beauty.language and us organization where u forms a unigne kaowledge experiuent.it is based on the poew in its sayings and achdes and even au us movements.the sofi language formed anich prose lext and is charatenzed by us semantic implications.this feature contubates to a large extent in coloring Arabic literature which become the subject of interest for Heace ,they began a investigate Arabic literture implementing venous means and procedures which enable them to go into the depth of Arabic literature which is still for from many scholars out side Al-Sofi-school.

               The current research aimed to identify the effect of the Antostel model on the achievement of the second intermediate grade female students in the Arabic language subject. The research sample consisted  of second-grade intermediate students in Nineveh Intermediate School for Girls in Mosul for the academic year (2019-2020). It was intentionally chosen, as the total of its members reached (66) students. They were distributed to an experimental group studied according to the INTUSTEL model and another control group, which was studied in the usual way to achieve the goal of the research, a test was constructed to measure students' attainment. In its final form, it consisted of(30)items of The multiple choice four-alternative type, the overall test was characterized by validity, stability and characteristics after preparing the teaching plans, the research experiment was carried out by the Arabic language School in the first course of the academic year (2019-2020) on (10/13/2019), and a post-test was applied on (01/19/2019). The data were treated statistically by t-test for two independent samples. The result was the superiority of the members of the experimental group that was studied using the Antostel model over the control group members in terms of achievement in Arabic language.

This research is concerned with the study of the words denoting animals in the book Gharib Al-Hadith by Abu Obaid (d. 224 AH), which was transmitted by Abu Obaid on the authority of Al-Kisa’i (d. 185 AH), a semantic study, based on the extrapolation of the words narrated from Al-Kisa’i, and then counting and arranging them according to their linguistic roots Alphabetical order, then extracting the honorable hadiths, and the hadiths of the Companions and the Followers (may God be pleased with them) in which these words were mentioned from the hadith books, after that we mentioned the lexical significance of each word from the different dictionaries.
We have presented a dictionary of language standards for Ibn Faris (d. 395 AH) on those who preceded him; In order to trace the origins of words and their various derivations, and after completing the lexical significance of each word, we searched for semantic shades to show the impact of the context in determining the significance of the word in use, and strengthen the study by mentioning the noble Qur’anic verses and poetic verses in which these words are mentioned, and we have adopted a descriptive-analytical approach Based on the theory of the semantic field, the number of animal words narrated on the authority of al-Kisai in the book Gharib al-Hadath by Abu Obaid reached sixteen.

I have always caught my attention while I recite the verses of the Holy
 Qur’an, its miraculous style that was and still is the symbol of eloquence and eloquence, and based on this fact, I liked to stand on one side of the methods of the Holy Qur’an, which is the interrogation, but in the form of conjugation. The research was titled (Rhetoric of Syndication of Similar Interrogative Styles in Surat al-Tawasim and Hawamim).
where the research plan required that it fall into two topics: The first topic was titled the double conjugation of similar interrogative styles, as it included eleven places distributed between Suras (poets, bees, the forgiver, and the decoration), and the second topic: it was titled the triple conjugation of similar interrogative styles, and it was unique by Sura one of the wall Alhawwamam which al-jathiya and in one position in saying the Almighty: {Ofroit who took God desires and the bounty of God aware of and seal his hearing and his heart and make his vision blurred it guide him after God, do you not remember the} [Jaathiyah: 23].

    The employment of the animal represents  a narrative theme that carries on it to convey  the events and narrate them in a painting that raises surprise and surprise, as it is a technical technique employed by modern narrative works to express the crisis of contemporary man towards power and life with its complications and pressures.
    The animal recall in stories has a color-coded picture of reality, as the latent connotations enrich the effective value of the animal, which alternates between the secondary heading threshold that is not less important than the main threshold as a key to the text through which the narrative text is accessed on trains that ascend to the sky by Fateh Abd al-Salam, to reveal The secrets of the text and exploring its depths and its aesthetics.
    The search was divided into an entry and three sections and a conclusion. The entry included defining the search terms, and the first topic dealt with: (the title threshold / the search for deliverance), which was embodied in the story (The Monkey Leap), and the second topic was labeled: (the title / other threshold and the deception of authority) to take from The story (the cat woman and the hedgehog man) was his field, while the third topic: (the title threshold / the journey of self-search and proving existence) represented in the story (the gray frog).
    The conclusion included the most important findings of the research, and after that the research ended with a presentation of the sources and references that the research required their presence.
 

This research aims at studying Verbal Signifiers of some Prophetic words and expressions that were mentioned in the book al-adāb waatharuha fi al-tawjeeh al-akhlāqi, because the traditions (hadith) or have a good impact on the education and rehabilitating of selves, and correction of ethics. The good ethics are including choosing virtues and doing away with vices. Moreover, good ethics are of the traits of the prophets (May Allah send prayers and peace upon them) and saints(May Allah be pleased with them). This research paper is divided into two sections: section one concerning ordinary people-related expressions, which including taking care of parents, boosting relations with next of kin. The second section appertain to taking care of orphans, and helping the widows, the needy plus clarifying the duties towards neighbours. This research paper comes to the conclusion that righteous ethics are essential for survival of nations, and ethical degradation leads to fast-disappearing of nations. So, Muslims should adhere to the prophet's instructions which were mentioned in hadith in order to promote the nation.        

This study seeks to read the critical opinions that revolved around Mkhlaa Al-Basit with his well-known Hebron image, and other images that were comprehended upon him. The pictures that Hebron spoke about in his seas were not the only ones. Pictures are nothing but creepers and bugs, and Hebron deliberately neglected them. Either because of its weak witness, or the lack of organized evidence on it, or because these evidences were spoken after him, so between the user and the neglected circulate images of the deposed that the critics spoke about and the Arab poetic reality came upon them.
The study also discussed the poem of Ubayd ibn al-Abras, which is one of the ten commentaries that the Arabs in the past gave a high position in which it surpassed the rest of ancient Arab poetry, and it is one of his most famous poems that, in the past and present, the critics had a position on it between rejection and acceptance, and there was a problem in which we tried through opinions to find a solution to her.

The present study depended on remote sensing dataset and GIS software to distinguish areas cultivated with wheat and barley crops in the Telkeef district. Landsat 8 images of spatial resolution (30) meter for the years of 2014 and 2019, as well as a GPS readout of the areas planted with wheat and barley were adopted and applied in study. Supervised classification method was used for the landuse classified of the study area and calculation of the wheat and barley area for the two years. Also, NDVI was used to monitor the variation of vegetation cover. The result shows that, the vegetation cover area win (2013-2014( was less than that of (2018-2019). Also, the areas of wheat in ( 2013-2014) and (2018-2019) were ( 40658.4) and (55076.4) acres, respectively, while the areas of barely in the same years were ( 8597.16) and            ( 23070.96) acres, respectively.

This search aims to siudy analyze urban ofurban land uses in tha center of the  al abbasi sub-district , the area  of the study was 247,498 hectares and population was 10194.then ,the study presented the theoretical contents of earth^’s uses .which contains its definition ,importance ,objectives and factors that affected them ,as well as theories of land use. The third part was concerned with the reality of land uses in AL.Abbasi sub-district .It includes residential use which represents 177,648 hectares and 71,77%commercial use includes1,410 which represents 0,56%, industrial use includes 0.705 hectares which represents 0,28%,administrative use inclndes 3,479 hectares which represents1,40% ,educational use 4,762 which represents 1,92%,health use 0,947which represents 0.382%and the rcligous use includes 0,382 hectares which represents0,15% the total use. Land use for trans portation includes 48,475 hectares which represents 19,58 % of the total area of the study area. land  use for entertainment with 7,689  hectares which  represents 3,11% of the study area  .as well as infrastructure services including water, electricity and fuel station services which represent 2,001 hectares and 0,85% of the study area

The research aims to detect the damage caused to the historical buildings of the old city of Mosul and assess the condition of those buildings according to the indicators of the degree of damage to the buildings Macroseismic scale, which is proposed by the European Geological Center for Earthquakes. The dangers of extinction and removal of its inherited urban fabric due to the demolition operations that are still continuing to raise the ruins of its historical buildings.

 The research deals with the study of the history of the Doss tribe, which played an important role in the history of the Arabian Peninsula, whether it was before or after Islam.  The research came in an introduction, four sections and a conclusion. The first section dealt with the name of the Doss tribe, its lineage and Islam, the second section dealt with its economic, religious and social conditions, and the third section included a study of its relations with Arab tribes and with the Persians on the political and social levels, while the fourth and final section touched  to the role of the Doss tribe in the Islamic conquests during the era of the Prophet and the Khilafa Rashida. As for the conclusion, it came out by mentioning the most important findings of the research.

       The oil refining industry in Iraq represents a great investment opportunity for the Iraqi state, which represented by its public and private sectors, or for foreign investors in multinational companies. This industry is of a great importance in meeting the local demand for its products, but this industry remains backward and suffers of many problems compared to other countries of the world, as well as the energy productivity of these refineries is small and medium compared to the oil reserves owned by Iraq.
       This study highlights on the refining industry in Nineveh, an applied study of the Qayyarah refinery, and what are the problems that this industry suffers from, and how to develop production methods and ways to upgrade this industry.
 
 

      The land is a limited natural resource, as the demand for it increases day after day for various purposes, whether industrial, agricultural, urban, recreational and other purposes. Urban land is a set of geographical factors, whether these factors are natural or human factors, and these factors have either a positive impact on the price of the land or negatively affect the price of land. It was found through this research that the natural factors represented by the topographical surface features, topography, water resources and others have left an impact on the variation in land prices in the city of Mosul at the level of neighborhoods of one side and at the level of both sides of the city in general.

        Since crude oil is one of the most important sources of energy, and the focus of global conflict revolves around it at present, it is necessary to track the production of crude oil, which is one of the most important factors affecting global economic growth, and the geopolitics of both producing and consuming countries. The research problem was summed up in that crude oil has become the main engine of international conflicts on the global political map. The speed of changes in the global oil map requires research and continuous monitoring of the events and conflicts caused by crude oil. The research reached a number of results, most notably, that the main actors in the map of global oil reserves, whether they are regions or countries, are the same actors in the map of global crude oil production, and they are the same longest-lived in the global depletion of crude oil. This importance was the reason for it to gain geopolitical weight, which directly contributed to igniting the struggle of the major powers to control it by all possible means, politically, militarily, and economically
 

The aim of the current research is to know the effect of the strategy of planning organizations on the achievement of fourth-grade literary students in geography for the academic year (2020-2021). With the strategy of planning organizations and a control group of (32) students studying in the usual way. Equivalence was conducted in a number of variables, including (age in months, achievement, intelligence test),To measure the trend towards geography, the two researchers prepared a scale consisting of (34) items, which was presented to a group of experts and arbitrators in the field of teaching methods, educational and psychological sciences, to verify the apparent honesty,The stability of the scale was also confirmed using the Alpha Cronbach method, as it reached (0.889), which is considered good and acceptable,The researchers also used statistical methods to extract the results, as the results showed the existence of statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group that studied according to the strategy of the planning organizations, and in light of the results of the research, the researchers presented a set of recommendations from us to activate the educational programs that develop the students’ orientation towards the scientific subject, as the researchers suggested conducting a study A comparison between the strategy of planning organizations and other teaching strategies such as the strategy of flexible groups and its impact on the variables of concepts, tendencies and achievement of middle school students in the subject of geography.

The Iraqi communist  party considered one of the active political parties in Iraq after the 14^th of July revolution in 1958 where the party has thought of participating in the subject of changing the political regime with its concepts and situations tacked heavily in that period. The armed choice has been one of the approaches used for reaching the power adopting the theory of (The aim justifies the means) a way to achieve its aim which was about to be achieve but the events and the political developments with by Iraq in both Mosul and Kirkuk in 1959 have made it lose that chance. In addition to that, the 8^th of February 1968 has frustrated of June 1968 has all the party's ambitions and attitudes to reach the power in Iraq.

 
             Iraqi-Iranian relations for the period of  1969-1975 are characterized by special technique and trends. They are the result of a group of influences and changes emanating from  the Iraqi and Iranian reality, as well as the developments in the Arab Gulf region, the most important of which is the decision of  Britain to withdraw and the emergence of Iran's claims that Britain is as a peacekeeping force in the region. Despite the superiority of the Iranian ability , Iraq was keen to play the role of an anti-power and rejection of the efforts of Iranian domination during the shahsera, who sought to control  Iraq and reduce the impact of its regional role by all means and because of this Iraq found itself in  in a number of issues during the first half from the1970s.                                                                                                               

Abstract
The aim of this study is to explain the Iranian position on the Syrian crisis, which started on 15 March 2011 with a peaceful demonstration on the flow of the so-called 'Arab Spring.' But the Syrian regime's cruelty, which favoured a military response in handling the people's movement, has led to armed clashes between the regime and the Syrian opposition. Consequently, the Syrian territory was used as a backdrop by regional and foreign third parties to eliminate their struggles. As a result, a local crisis between the regime and the people turned the Syrian cause into a complicated international one. The current study has shed light on the Iranian perspective on this crisis and the goals of Iran behind its intrusion and the extent of its support. This research also discussed the geo-strategic significance of Syria in the Iranian political project and the implications of Iranian intrusion in the crisis. The importance of the research lies in the fact that it is distinguished by modernity and originality, which dealt with this contemporary period of the Syrian events. the time of the research starts from 2011, which is the period in which the Syrian protests began, and ends in 2016, during which time a comprehensive ceasefire was carried out throughout Syria, on December 30, 2016, between the Syrian regime and the opposition factions. As for the structure of the research, the research came in an introduction, four axes and a conclusion.

Water is the secret of the existence of human, plant and animal life on this earth, because water is the grace of god in the earth.                                       
Islam has urged the preservation, storage and good exploitation of water because water conservation will save water for all and drain it from the most serious environmental issues.
So our choice of the theme was: "Rationalizing water consumption in the modern message and the adult caliphate."
The Prophet (phub) paid attention to water and was a good example for Muslims to use it, he recommended the economy in the use of ablution water or washing even if it is available and encouraged watering, watering, digging wells and stopping them, reducing the charity of water donation, considering it one of the greatest handouts, and developing a generous approach to solve all Water problems that concern farmers in watering the land in his time.
The caliphs urged people to rationalize the use of water by following the Prophet's Year in the rationalization of water consumption and the adult caliphs sought after the opening of the country to many transformations, including digging wells, enacting canals, constructing irrigation canals, repairing agricultural land and providing water.

In this paper entitled Erbil a pit stop on james Buckingham journey to Iraq 1816 analytical study we she'd light on Erbil in the eyes of James Buckingham a foreign traveller whom Erbil was an important pit stop in their journey eastwards and into Iraq in particular due to its important geographical site over main and side roads whether terrial or marine as well as its historical monuments that attract voyagers , attention like it's castle ,demographic  and social structure that amuse travellers
This trip contained many details about Erbil, despite the short period of the travelers' presence in the city. Or he was influenced by the evident evidence that attracted his eyes, so he excelled in describing them as describing the castle and the markets. Thus, the traveler in Buckingham left us valuable, focused information, especially as he undertook his trip to Iraq out of adventure and reconnaissance, according to the circumstances and data that surrounded him, which will be clarified in the course of the research.

              The history of Mosul’s Jews remains mysterious, and this comes                                 due to the scarcity of what was reported about them in history books, translations, and other blogs. This research attempts to shed light on some religious and economic aspects of Mosul’s history in the light of a book you judge for Judah bin Suleiman Al-Harizi, who visited the city of Mosul in the beginnings The seventh century AH / thirteenth century A.D., and the researcher's attempt to track the information he provided in his book came, and the study was divided into two topics, the first focused on the definition of the life of Judah bin Suleiman Al-Harizi, and talking about his books with a focus on a judgment book, while the second dealt with the religious aspects and In response to the Mosul Jews, the researcher decided to follow the method of analysis, comparison and criticism, and the study relied on many studies related to the subject of the research written in English, Hebrew, Arabic and others.

The problem of the current research has arisen in conducting an experimental study for the purpose of revealing the effect of (possession-ball) training exercises on some basic skills of young soccer players, and in order to reach an acceptable scientific explanation to solve the current study problem, we have come to mind asking the following question: Are the (possession) exercises On the ball) have a positive effect on the total of basic skills under discussion, the goal of the research is to reveal the impact of (ball possession) training exercises on some basic skills of football players, and to reveal the significance of statistical differences in a number of basic skills of football players between the experimental and control groups In the post test, The research community has deliberately identified the players of the Bright Future Youth Sports Club in football in Nineveh governorate for the football season (2019-2020), whose number is (30) players, and the research sample consisted of (20) players representing (%66.66) of the research community. The researchers concluded:
1- The training curriculum for ball possession exercises implemented by the experimental group has developed in all basic football skills
2- The experimental group that used ball possession exercises in the post tests outperformed the control group in all the basic skills that were dealt with in the research.

The research aims to reveal the following:
- The effect of rebound exercises using the sand medium on a number of skill variables for football players.
- The effect of rebound exercises using the water medium on a number of skill variables for football players.
- The significance of the statistical differences in the sand and water media between the two experimental research groups in the post tests
The researcher used the experimental method for its suitability and the nature of the research. The experiment was carried out on a sample of the (24) players of the Muthanna Sports Forum in Football, who were (17- 19) years old.
A group, The latest training curriculum that used rebound exercises that was implemented by the two experimental groups had a positive effect in developing all the football skill variables under consideration.
- The first experimental group (the water medium), which used rebound exercises, outperformed the second experimental group (the sandy medium), which used the same rebound exercises in the variables under investigation and for the benefit of the post test.

Search target to:
1- Building a scale of dynamic capabilities according to its dimensions (opportunity sensing capabilities, learning capabilities, integration capabilities, coordination capabilities).
2- Knowing the level of dynamic capabilities in its dimensions for the central sports federations and excellent clubs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq from the point of view of the members of their administrative bodies.
3- Identify the differences in the dynamic capabilities between the central sports federations and the excellent clubs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
The two researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey method. The research sample consisted of (201) members distributed into (91) members in central federations and (110) members in excellent clubs.
To achieve the objectives of the research, a measure of dynamic capabilities was built and its validity and reliability were verified. In statistical processing of data, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t-test for two independent samples, simple correlation coefficient (Pearson), Spearman-Brown equation, alpha-Cronbach equation, were used. The researchers concluded that the central sports federations in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq possess medium levels of dynamic capabilities that correspond to the level of most of their dimensions, except for the dimension of opportunity-sensing capabilities, which was at a high level. And the excellent clubs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq possess high levels of dynamic capabilities that correspond to the level of all its dimensions. And the existence of significant differences in the dynamic capabilities between the central sports federations and the excellent clubs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and in favor of the excellent clubs.

Abstract
The research aims to identify the degree of administrative, technical and financial obstacles that faced football players in the clubs of Mosul city. The research environment had included the football players in the sports clubs at district of Mosul city. A (117) players had been distributed on (6) clubs. The research's sample had been selected by a comprehensive inventory through distributing (98) questionnaire forms with an exclusion of Nineveh Sports Club for their had used the preliminary reconnaissance application and stability procedure. (64) returned questionnaires were had stated the analysis which was (54%) of research environment.  The descriptive method had been used  via a survey method. A prepared questionnaire had been used to identify the administrative, technical and financial constraints. Phrases for each disabled person. The initial questionnaire consisted of (30) phrases where each (10) phrases for each of obstacles.
A statistical analysis was applied with the mean and percentage. The most important results were as follows:
1-    Football players in the Mosul city clubs faced administrative obstacles at medium degree. Some lack of understanding in the follow-up and evaluation processes is was in high degree.
2-   Football players in the Mosul city clubs had faced technical obstacles at medium degree. The biggest obstacle was the lack of training camps that prepared players and the lack of a Rookies.
3-   Football players in Mosul city clubs faced high financial obstacles.

     The two researchers in this research came to know the organizational climate and professional performance of the employees of the security force and safety of stadiums by modifying two scales that had been built and codified in a previous research to suit the sample and objectives of the current research. The objectives of the research were as follows:
1-Adapting the organizational climate scale to suit the current research sample .
2-Adapting the organizational performance measure to suit the conditions of the sample and the current research community.
3-To identify the correlation between the organizational climate and professional performance in the research community.
The theoretical aspects related to the research variables were also addressed, the researchers also used the descriptive approach in the survey method to suit the research objectives. Individuals as a sample for the exploratory experiment. As for (70) the others, they were the main research sample. After completing the field research procedures, by distributing scales to the research sample to answer them, and after the answer was completed, the researchers and the assistant work team collected questionnaires and performed statistical operations on the examinees’ answers, reaching the following results:
1-Through the results of the current research, the researchers concluded that the level of the organizational climate for the security force and safety of stadiums is good, which negatively affects the professional performance of the force members
2-There is a relationship between the organizational climate and the professional performance of the workers in the security force and safety of stadiums, as evidenced by the morality of the results.
Applying standards to samples and other institutions. 1-
2-Benefiting from this study by the workers in the security and safety forces in stadiums by enhancing their positive aspects.
3- Conducting similar studies related to functional, professional and administrative performance from the point of view of employees .

العلاقة بین بعض المتغیرات البایومیکانیکیة لمسافة (50) متر عند رکض (100) متر من البدایة المنخفضة مع الانجاز للعینة .
استخدم الباحثون المنهج الوصفی لملائمته لطبیعة البحث . اشتملت عینة البحث على (4) عدائین یمثلون منتخب جامعة الموصل بألعاب الساحة والمیدان لفعالیة (100) متر حرة ، وتم استخدام الات تصویر فیدویة عدد( 4 ) ذات سرعة (60 ) صورة بالثانیة نوع (Nikon) یابانیة الصنع وکان ارتفاع عدسات الات التصویر (1م) عمودیة على مجال الرکض فی مسافة (10م ـ 20م ـ 20م) وبعدها عن مجال الرکض على التوالی کالاتی : آلة التصویر (1) بعدها ( 4.5) متر عن یمین العداء والات التصویر (4.3.2) وبعدها عن العداء ومجال الرکض بـ (8م) وذلک لاستخراج المتغیرات البایومیکانیکیة الخاصة لکل عداء منذ مرحلة الجلوس والانطلاق فی البدایة المنخفضة لمسافة ( 50 ) متر، وبعدها تم استخدام البرامج الاتیة کل حسب وظیفته للتوصل الى الصورة المراد دراستها عند بدایة الانطلاق لمسافة (10 م ) ولمسافة (30م ) ولمسافة (50م) من مسافة السباق الکلیة (100م) وکالاتی : برنامج ACDsee Photo Manager 2011 02 برنامج Max Track 03 برنامج SPSS الاحصائی 04 برنامج ( Kenova للتقطیع ) 05 برنامج Paint 06 برنامج word للطباعة . توصل الباحثون الى:
1- ان لطول وتردد الخطوة الدول الفعال فی تحسین مستوى الرکض وخصوصا عند الانطلاق ووضع الجلوس (البدایة المنخفضة) وحتى مسافة رکض (50 متر) من المسافة الکلیة للسباق .
2- أظهرت الدراسة ان لمتغیر زاویة میل الجذع التدریجی عند البدء من وضع الجلوس (البدایة المنخفضة) وحتى مسافة 30 متر الدور المؤثر على باقی متغیرات البحث من زخم وطاقة حرکیة وسرعة .

               The aim of the current research is to identify the level of financial and moral incentives for players of sports clubs participating in the Iraqi Basketball Premier League. Where the researchers used the descriptive approach for its relevance to the nature of the research, on a sample of the players participating in the Iraqi Premier League for basketball for the year (2020-2021), which numbered (132) players representing (12) sports clubs, and to reach the objectives of the research, the researchers used the scale. As an appropriate means for this, the statistical methods used to reach the results were represented by the arithmetic mean, correlation coefficient and percentage.
               The researchers concluded that the administrations responsible for Iraqi sports clubs for basketball use a diverse incentive system that includes financial and moral aspects.
               The researchers recommend that administrations in sports clubs resort to diversification in the use of financial and moral incentives.

The research aims to
- Building a measure of self-talk players clubs Mosul city center applicants.
- Identify the degree of self-talk and the fields of the players clubs Mosul city center applicants.
- Identify the differences in the degree of self-talk between players and individual and collective games in clubs Mosul city center applicants.
The researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey and relational method for its suitability with the nature of the research, and the research community consisted of the advanced players in the clubs of the city center of Mosul, who were deliberately chosen to achieve the objectives of the research, and their number(432) players distributed among(10) sports clubs. On the(285) players chosen randomly from the total research community, representing (73%) from the research community, while the application sample consisted of(117) players from the research community, i.e. 28% from the total research community to represent the application sample For the purpose of applying the self-talk scale that the researchers built.
The self-talk scale prepared by the two researchers was used as a tool for collecting data, and the construction procedures included: identifying the fields of the scale, the first exploratory experience of the scale, and drafting the paragraphs of each field in its initial form, as well as adopting the scientific steps and procedures in building the scale represented by the truthfulness of the content, apparent validity, and experience Exploratory, and statistical analysisd

The research aims to:
- Building an existential attendance scale for advanced football club players in Nineveh Governorate.
- Identifying the degree of existential presence among advanced football club players in Nineveh Governorate.
- Identifying the levels of existential presence among advanced football club players in Nineveh Governorate.
The descriptive approach was used for its relevance with the nature of the research, and the research community included the advanced football club players in Nineveh Governorate for the sports season (2020-2021), which included (637) players, and the research sample was randomly selected from the research community and by (444) players with a percentage of (69.70%) of the research community, while the construction sample was (324) players and a percentage of (72.963%) of the research sample and it was applied to a sample of players consisting of (120) players with a percentage of (27.027%) of the sample search.
The two researchers reached the following conclusions:

1- The advanced football club players in Nineveh governorate have medium levels of existential presence.
In light of these conclusions, the researchers recommend the following:
1- To take advantage of the scale of existential attendance among the football players of Nineveh Governorate clubs, which has been built by the two researchers and to take in consideration the possibility of applying it to conduct similar researchers on other individual and collective sporting , with other psychological variables.
2- Paying attention to forms of social support, especially financial

The research aims at designing tests for measurement forehand high toss service in  the side, back and front rotations with The front side of the racket table tennis. The researchers used descriptive method by analyzing the content of reference in order to find the special tests for basic skills of   In a game of table tennis, which have been reviewed by expert to determine its suitability and validity for measuring what supposed to be measured some suggested alteration have been done on it then polit-studies were conducted to get the validity, objectivity and reliability for those test to fit for the sample of the research, extracted tests have been applied on the sample consisted of (31) Players, Aafter collecting the data and treating it statistically, the full specifications of the tests were reached to measure the skill of forehand high toss service in the side, back and front rotation in the face of the front racket in which the scientific parameters are available in terms of truthfulness, stability and objectivity, and the researchers recommended using these tests to measure and evaluate the level of performance of the forehand high toss service skill in side and backward rotationwith The front side of the racket . For high-level applicants

The objectives of the research are to prepare skill exercises in the active learning method according to the fink model and to identify the effect of skill exercises in the active learning method on some cognitive skills, motor satisfaction and offensive skills with basketball, and the researcher assumed there are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre and post tests in favor of the post tests for the control groups And there are differences of statistical significance between the results of the post tests of the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group, and it includes the human, temporal and spatial domains. It includes addressing the movement programs and how to form them and the method of active learning according to the fink model, and the basic skills of basketball The control group (10) students, as well as includes the tools and means that were used in research, skill tests, and the scientific basis for the tests and pre-tests, and ensures the application of the active learning method according to the fink model, post-tests, and statistical means. The presentation, analysis and discussion of the results included the pre and post tests of the two experimental and control groups for the skills of chest handling and the change of direction. It included the conclusions and recommendations reached by the researcher, which are: The preference of the exercises prepared by the researcher over the exercises followed by the teacher, and the researcher recommended the necessity of using the active learning method according to The fink model in the learning process.

Abstract
1-Designing a tool to measure some of the values of citizenship among kindergarten children aged (5-6) year.
2-Designing a program with small games in developing some values ​​of citizenship among the children of kindergarten aged (6-5) years,
3-Detecting the effect of using a program with small games in developing some values ​​of citizenship among the children of kindergarten at the age of (6-5).
The researchers used the experimental method for its suitability and the nature of the research, and the research sample included (28) children, with (14) boys and girls for each group, including (8) males and (6) females, and they were equal in the variables of the order of the child among his peers in birth and age. The educational achievement of the parents, and intelligence. The program was divided into (40) educational units, the time of each of them (30) minutes. Accordingly, the implementation of the program took eight weeks and at a rate of (5) units per week. The total time of the educational program took (1200) minutes, which mean that the program is equivalent to (20) hours. The teacher implemented the educational program for the period from 7/2/2021 to 18/4/2021. The researchers used the following statistical methods:
Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient, t-test for two related and equal arithmetic, t-test for two unrelated and equal arithmetic, Saberman-Brown coefficient to correct the reliability coefficient.
The researchers concluded the following:
1- There are statistically significant differences between the tribal and remote measurements in some citizenship values of the control group for Riyadh children aged 6-5 years in favor of the post measurement.
2- There are statistically significant differences between the tribal and remote measurements in some citizenship values for the experimental group of Riyadh children aged 6-5 years in favor of the post measurement.
3- There are statistically significant differences in the dimensional measurement of some citizenship values for the two experimental and control groups and in favor of the experimental group for Riyadh children aged 6-5 y

The research is to identify the level of sports ambition of the stadium of the players of some sports clubs (category of players, type of activity).
Comparison with the descriptive method in the survey and correlational style, using the same image in the study sample and its objectives. This percentage is 40% of the research sample sample distributed over all sports clubs (Al Fatwa Sports Club, Mosul Sports Club, Future Sports Club, Nawa Sports Club, Nawa Sports Club, Club The martyr Iyad Shit Sports Club, Nineveh Sports Club) for the 2020-2021 sports season, according to the type of sports workers and the category of players for sports clubs in Nineveh Governorate. The researcher used the mathematical ambition level scale prepared by (Abbas, 2011), where the scale consisted of (30) items distributed into (6) specific ones which are orientation towards the future towards specialization, self-confidence, orientation towards winning and principle, performance evaluation, optimism and pessimism) Dealing with the data in the daily data In the scale we dealt with the statistic (percentage.), The arithmetic mean deviation, the deviation, the simple correlation coefficient (the equation), the Cronbach alpha equation. One-way test of variance, L.S.D., mean hypothesis test).

The research included preparing the used catalyst (zeolite) for reforming of naphtha. The process was carried out by adding certain proportions of  naphtha and  the catalyst  to the autoclave reactor with a capacity of (300 cm³) under initial conditions (150, 200, 250, 300 ̊C, catalyst ratio was 0.5% and  reaction time was one hour). Naphtha samples were measured firstly by (1HNMR and FTIR), it was found that the best temperature for reforming  for naphtha was (300°C) .The optimal conditions for this process were adjusted by increasing the catalyst ratio and reaction time, and it was found that the best conditions are ( The catalyst ratio is 2.5% and the reaction time is 3 hours. The used catalyst showed the ability to cyclisation of paraffins and dehydrogenation of paraffins and naphthenes, which led to an increase the ratio of aromatic compounds from (7.09%) to (29.13%) . In addition to the previous measurements, the gas chromatography of one of the naphtha samples was measured and was identical to those measurements.

       Current search goal is to identify “Employing the reciprocal teaching strategy in teaching science and its impact on the achievement of second-grade intermediate students and development their health awareness”. The research was limited on intermediate second grade female students in the center of Nineveh governorate for the academic year 2019-2020. The researcher choose experimental design which depend on two equal groups, the sample of research has formed of (72) female student they were distributed on two groups the first experimental includes (37) female student have studied by using reciprocal teaching and the second control includes (35) female student have studied by the usual way, the researcher prepared a test achievement in science formed frome (30) paragraph, kind of multiple choice for the four chapters of the second intermediate grade science textbook. And to measure the health awareness development among female students, the researcher adopted a scale (Abdullatif,2016) formed from (32) paragraph three-way alternatives. And the researcher verified the validity and reliability of the two tests, and the two scales are ready for application on the two groups female students, the statistical results showed the superiority of the experimental group female students in achievement and in developing health awareness.

The study dealt with anatomical characters of 11 plant species that belong two genera Bellevalia Layper and Ornithogalum L. from Asparagaceae family growing in middle and north of Iraq B.kurdistanica, B.longipes, B.macrobotrys, B.parva, B.pycnantha, B.saviczii, O.brachystachys, O.neurostegium, O.pyrenaicum. The prevalence of Aleuron grains and Starch grains in addition to studying the aerial stem epidermal cells or the Scapeous and the leaves. When the cross section was made to the aerial stem, it was clear that all of them were circular except B.chrisii it was ovate for the aerial stem. It was noticed also that there are crystals within the cross section of the aerial stem of these species, but the species B.saviczii had different type of crystals which are Druses crystals at the epidermis layer of the aerial stem section. Also, there was a difference in the vascular bands spread, which were in the shape of two rows arranged similar to the arrangement of the vascular bands in Dicotyledons. Anatomy results of the leaves cross-section showed that they consist of simple epidermis with one row of Uniseriate cells, consisting of upper, lower epidermis and Mesophylla as well as the spread vascular bands.

The present study found out the response of leaves, stems , cotyledons and hypocotyls of Cucurbita maxima mg to produce callus on Solid MS medium enriched with different concentrations of auxins such as 2,4-D ,IAA and NAA, and cytokinins such as Kin and BA.
The explant of leaves and stems showed high response in the selected medium MSI MS +1.0 mg/L BA +0.5 mg /L NAA) where callus Production from leaves and stems reached 100% in hypocotyls 88% and cotyledons 77% whose calls had the highest fresh weight in this medium 5.2 gm and stems 4.3 gm therefore, the study adopted this medium for its good sustenance of the calls of explants in addition to the high rate of production . The medium MS + 3.0 mg/L Kin + 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D achieved a high production rate for the same explants . However it was excluded since it did not keep the vitality of calls when maintained for along time.

The research included the application of some kinematic models to study the adsorption process, such as the pseudo-first order (Lacquerine) and the second false (Hood and Mickey) model, the wafer kinematic model and the implicit particle diffusion model, and then applying the experimental results of the adsorption process to some food dyes through which color is given to juices, soft drinks and pastries. And foodstuffs such as jams, medicines and others that bear the following codes: E110, E122, E102, E133, E123, E124 and E127.
Commercial activated carbon was used as an adsorbent for these dyes, which constitute a very wide sector of important industries for humans everywhere in the world.
The kinematic study is indicated by obtaining important information that helps in designing a simple and economical adsorption system in order to get rid of these pigments and treat them. After using different kinematic models, the study found the applicability of the experimental results of the adsorption of colored dyes of juices, foodstuffs and soft drinks to a second-order pseudo kinetic model. Obtain the constant adsorption velocity of those pigments with good and high linear relationship and match the practical values of adsorption capacity with the theoretical values, as well as the values of the initial velocity of adsorption.

The effect of plasma jet DBD (Dielectric Barrier Discharge) on the germination speed of broccoli seeds (Brassica oleraceae var italica) for seven different cultivars (MATSURI, 2004, BROCCOLO Ramoso Precoce di Calabria, BATLLE, Vilmorin, Super Hero NATALABO, Vilmorin, Super Hero NATALABO) was studied. ) with different exposure times (0.5, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15)/min and compared it with seeds not exposed to the same varieties (Control), where the results showed that the exposure period to non-thermal plasma for 0.5 min over the rest of the periods of exposing seeds to plasma for the average times Followed by the superiority of the time 1 min over the rest of the following times (Control 15, 10, 5, 3,) for the averages of time, and the time 5 min outperformed both of the times (Control 15, 10, 3, ), and the time of 3 min over the rest of the times Exposure (15, 10) min, and the 15 min period showed superiority over 10 min only, and this indicates that the lowest percentage of excess was 10 min for average times, and the best and highest exceedance was 0.5 min, and all periods of exposure to non-thermal plasma outperformed the unexposed seeds and for each Items Control .
The results showed the superiority of the MATSURI variety over all varieties with respect to the averages of the varieties, followed by the superiority rate of the Tokita 2004 variety, then followed by the super hero class, then the CALABRESE NATALINO variety, followed by the superiority of the BATLLEA variety, then the BROCCOLO Ramoso Precoce di Calabria, and the least superiority of the last variety, and this indicates that the last variety VILMORIN The superior for the averages of all the items was MATSURI, and the least superior for the averages for the items was VILMORIN.

this research, using solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD ) type (CR -39) to determined radon (²²²Rn ) , radium ( ²²⁶Ra )  and uranium  ( ²³⁸U) concentrations in samples for local and imported fish collected from selected regions of Iraq.  The result show that the less concentration of   those nuclei  in fish sample of Duhok governorates ranges between ( 198.208 – 340.917 )  Bq/m³ , ( 0.03404 – 0.07507 ) Bq/kg , (0.02724 – 0.06291) ppm with mean values 250.4675 Bq/m³ , 0.05439 Bq/kg and 0.049765 ppm respectively .and the highest concentration in fish sample of Basrah governorates ranges between ( 451.914335 – 1014.825175 )  Bq/m³ , ( 0.07762665 – 0.18158282 ) Bq/kg , (0.065054 – 0.15217497) ppm with mean values 756.36182 Bq/m³ , 0.1518944 Bq/kg  and 0.1272947 ppm respectively .and the levels of  concentration above nuclide lower than the permissible limits recommended by ICRP therefor the fish are radioactive safe as human food .

This study included calculating the stability constants and stoichiometries of some binary complexes formed from the interaction of seven of metal ions (Cr+3,Mn+2,Co+2,Ni+2,Cu+2,Zn+2 and Cd+2) with Ciprofloxacin-HCl. This study was carried out using Potentiometric Titration Technique at different concentrations of the drug and the metal ion and at temperatures (288,298,310,318 and 328 K±0.1) in aqueous solution. Although, there are many methods available to study the stability of metal-ligand complexes, pH-metric is most frequently used to determine the stability constants. Hence, (Calvin - Bjerrum pH-metric titration technique) as adopted by Irving–Rossotti was used to calculate of stability constants. The results of the concentration effect study showed that the formation of complexes were more stable in dilute solutions, and through study of the temperature effect it was concluded that the stability of the complexes can be increased with raising temperature, and the stability constants value obtained were used in the calculation of thermodynamic parameters 〖(S〗^o,H,〖G〗^o). The results of this study also showed that the ciprofloxacin tends to form two types of metal complexes in the solution (ML1),(ML2) and this indicates that the reaction ratio between the drug and the metal ion was (1:1) and (1:2)(M:L) respectively for all metal ions. These ratios depended on the nature of the ligand or the metal ion, and the stability of the complexes formed increases according to the following arrangement (Mn+ 2< Co+ 2< Ni+ 2< Cu+ 2> Zn+ 2) and this arrangement is compatible with Irving Williams’s arrangement for the stability of the elements.

    The Study aimed to identify the level of the usage of the extension methods by workers in agricultural extension in Salah Al-Din Governorate in each of the following fields (individual, group, and Mass), As well as arrange the fields of using extension methods In descending order, As well as arranging the paragraphs of each field of ​​the extension methods according to the percentage weight,  Determine the correlation relationship between the level of usage of agricultural extension methods and a number of related variables, As well as identifying the most important problems that hinder the usage of extension methods, The Study was conducted on a random sample consisting of (140) respondents representing 50% of the respondents working in agricultural extension at the Governorate Agricultural Directorate Center and its affiliated agricultural divisions, in addition to the Governorate Extension Training Center, and in order to collect data, the researcher prepared a questionnaire form consisting of two parts:
     The first part included personal and functional variables related to the employees who use the extension methods in the extension work, While the second section was represented by measuring the level of the usage of the extension methods in the extension work, and after data were collected, unpacked and classified, Statistical means were used to analyze the data, and the most important results that were reached are all the following: -
     The results of the study showed the superiority of the group extension methods over the  other of the methods in terms of the level of the usage, and the results showed a significant correlation relationship between the level of the usage of the extension methods and each of the following variables (In-service training, number of in-service training sessions, exposure to information sources, nature of work in agricultural extension) and the absence of a moral relationship between the level of use of the extension methods and each of the following variables (age, total employment service period), and the results of the study showed that there are a number of problems that hinder or find from the workers' use of extension methods in the extension work, the problem (lack of sufficient time for the agricultural guide to reach all farmers) came first. While the problem of (lack of sufficient transportation means to transport extension workers to farmers) came to the last place, The researcher recommended increasing the cadre of agricultural extension agents, especially graduates of the Agricultural Extension Department, in Faculties of Agriculture, to cover most of the areas that fall within the limits of their work, by granting employment opportunities.

 A field experiment was carried out during the autumn season (2020) in one of the agricultural fields of a farmer in the Sufiyah area of Ramadi district in Anbar province using sandy loam textured soil. The aim of this study is to find out the effect of animal manure and boron spraying in the yield and components of the local mungbean crop (Vigna radiata L.). The experiment was applied to the factorial experiment system according to the design of the Randomized Completely Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replications, which included four levels of animal manure (0, 6, 12 and 18) tons. ha^-1 and three boron concentrations (0, 50 and 100) mg B. L^-1. the levels of animal manure have affected significantly in most of the studied properties, where the level 12 tons. ha^-1 gives the highest average for the number of pods in the plant (138.88) pods. Plant^-1 and individual yield (40.44) g. Plant^-1. While the level of 18 tons.ha^-1 gives the highest average for each of the branches in the plant (6.71) branches. Plant^-1, the length of the pod (7.02) cm, and the number of seeds per pod (10.13) seeds. Pod^-1.
Either the boron foliar application shows significant superiority in some of studied properties. The concentration of 100 mg B. liter^-1 recorded the highest average for each of umber of pods in the plant (131.07) pods. Plant^-1 and the weight of 100 seeds (4.72) g and individual yield (36.33) g. Plant^-1, while the concentration of 50 mg B.liter^-1 gives the highest average plant height (67.80 cm).
effected of the interaction between the levels of animal manure and boron concentrations is significantly effects on the number of pods in the plant, the length of the pod, the number of seeds in the pod, the weight of 100 seeds and the individual yield.

Abstract: This study aims to know the effect of applying the cognitive journeys model on technological enlightenment for biology students in the second intermediate grade, as the following null hypothesis was developed to verify this goal:
- There is no statistically significant difference in the technological enlightenment scale at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of students who study by applying the model of cognitive trips in the experimental group, and the average scores of students who study in the usual way in the control group.
This experiment was applied in the second semester of the academic year (2018-2019) on an intended sample of students, most of them males, in the second intermediate grade, the sample included (42) students, who were distributed randomly to the two groups (control and experimental) equally, the experimental design was adopted. The post-test and partial adjustment of two equal groups, where three chapters (seventh, eighth, and ninth) of the biology textbook were taught for the second intermediate grade, and the research tool represented by the Technological Enlightenment Scale was prepared, which consists of (30) items distributed into three main areas (knowledge , Skill, and sentimental) and the validity and reliability of its construction were verified against the Cronbach alpha measurement (72%). Several statistical methods such as arithmetic averages, the Mann-Whitney test and the Pearson correlation coefficient were adopted to analyze the data that showed no statistically significant difference between both groups (experimental and control) in the electronic enlightenment scale.

Abstract
‎ The recent paper studies the impact of coccidiosis on blood levels of cattle ‎since it is one of the parasites that attack both‏ ‏poultry and cattle epidemically and ‎infect the intestine leading to big economical loss as well as high deaths of those ‎animals. Due to the few number of relevant studies that present for the this parasite ‎effect on blood level as well as the levels of anti-oxidation, Glutathione, I did such ‎the study which includes 40 cows and 35 calves of 2-3 months of age from which a ‎stool sample was taken plus a 5 mml blood sample. Next, I diagnosed the infected ‎animal through testing the symptoms of those animals and examining the stool by ‎both floating and smear methods directly to find the ovarian cysts of coccidiosis. ‎Then, I determined the level of infection (the number of parasites per 1 gm of stool) ‎by using Macmaster way so the animals were divided into two groups (infected and ‎non-infected). After that, some biochemical tests were done to check the levels of ‎Malondialdehyde (MDA) as a final outcome of lipid peroxidation using colorful ‎TBA ase and to measure the absorption of ( 450 um) ‎‏ ‏wavelength. Also, I divided ‎the Glutathione (GSH) level in blood plasma using Elmanz method.‎

Abstract
‎ Intertextuality can basically be defined as the influence and existence of previous texts or ‎speeches in the construction of present one. The current study tackles the problem that ‎determining the functions of the intertextual elements helps in better understanding and ‎interpreting of literary texts. Thus, not well-equipped readers of intertextuality and its functions ‎get problems in interpreting and understanding some texts filled of such functions. The present ‎study aims to: firstly, investigate the intertextual types in some Mahfouz’s novel, namely,‎‏"‏Khan ‎al-Kahlili‏"‏‎ (1946), "al-Midaq Alley" (1947) and "Awlad Haratina" (1959), secondly, look at ‎the functions of intertextuality in the three novels under focus. The hypotheses the present study ‎puts forward are as follows: firstly, realizing functions of intertextuality is a crucial element ‎contributes for better understanding different layers of a literary text. Secondly, intertextuality ‎enhances and enriches the aesthetic structure of literary texts. As for the analysis of data, the ‎study has adapted Ahmed’s model (2010). Accordingly, intertextuality is divided into three ‎main types, namely, religious intertextuality, literary intertextuality and other types of ‎intertextuality. It is found that intertextuality is utilized by writers for: communicative, rhetorical ‎and aesthetic functions. It is also discovered that intertextuality is a useful strategy employed by ‎text producers.‎

The study aimed to find the histopathological and morphological effects of stanozolol, with different concentrations and periods on the aorta in the male rats. The study comprised 80 white males which set into four groups, with 20 rats for each group. First group set as control group and was left only on tap water and fed with pellets. Second group was injected with stanozolol 25 mg / kgbw and the third group was injected with stanozolol 25 mg / kgbw with vit.E 600 mg / kgbw while fourth group was treated with vit.E 600 mg / kgbw. The period of treatment was extend for 8 weeks, animals were euthanized at fourth, eighth and twelfth week after starting treatment. Histological sections of the aorta in the second group showed the presence of histological changes in the aorta represented by the placement of the fat droplets in all layers of the aortic wall accompanied by the enlarged nuclei of the smooth muscle cells. It was observed that the intensity of histopathological changes increased in week 8 and even at 12 weeks despite of the treatment was interrupted. The proliferation of smooth muscle cells toward the endothelium was observed with endothelial cell enlargement. In the third group, after four and eight weeks, thickening of the aorta lining was found with the deposition of the fat droplets as well as elastic fibers degeneration. The fibers replaced by fat droplets in the middle layer. In the fourth group, no histopathological changes were observed for all periods. The micromorphometric measurements of the all groups presented a significant increment  in aortic diameter at a level p≤ 0.05 when compared with the control group.

The main aim of this research is to investigate which strategy (Picture Strip Story Strategy or Video Strategy) has more effect on learners’ listening comprehension proficiency.
The main problems that face EFL learners with regard to listening comprehension relate to the strategies that have been used for listening and the purpose of listening process. Thus, three null-hypotheses are set to investigate the use of picture strip story strategy and video strategy in teaching listening comprehension and their effect on learners' listening comprehension proficiency.
A quantitative research design is adopted. The sample (randomly selected) has consisted of (50) participants. They have been divided equally into two groups. The participants have been studying at Department of English, Basic Education College in Mosul University.
The content taught which is consisted of (8) videos is chosen from the documentaries of BBC channel. The length of each one is around (5-7) minutes. The same material is edited to suit the group whom taught by using picture strip story strategy. In addition, MCQ test is used for data-collecting. Then, t-test statistic tool is used for analyzing the collected data.
Finally, the results reveal that both strategies are useful for teaching listening comprehension. Group (B) who taught by using video strategy has scored (16.4800) which is more than group (A) who taught using picture strip story strategy whom has scored(13.2800).

   Syntactic  change  can  be   defined  as  the  change  in syntactic  structre  of a  particular  language  during   the  passage  of  time . In this  respect , diachronic  syntax  is  considered   as  a  type  of  comparative  syntax  , where the  comparison  takes   place  between  the  different  stages  of  the  language  ,  old ,  middle  and  modern  according   to  English  ,  rather  than  between  different  variations  of that  language  during  the  same  period  of  time .
      In  this  brief  introduction  to  the  subject  one  can  look  at   syntactic  change    according  to  two  approaches    , the  first  , the  external  language   approach   in  which  language  is  studied   as  an  entity  , and  the  second which  is  the  internal  approach  where   the  individual  properties   are   important . However , following  Lightfoot  ( 1979-1999)    syntactic  change  and  language  acquisition  are  seen  to  be connected .
 In  the theortical  part  of the  study , the  researcher   tries  to  find  out  the  causality   of  syntactic  change   and  its  types  in  English  and  Arabic  ,in addition  to  the  relationship  between   language  acquisition  and  language  change. Some  examples  chosen  from  different  stages  of  the  two  languages   are  provided  in  the   practical  part.

       Summary: Bovine coccidiosis is one of the most common diseases in livestock, which leads to large economic losses in addition to high mortality for animals, and despite the large number of studies on this disease, studies on the biochemical and physiological effects of this parasite are still limited, especially the effect of parasite infection on some variables Blood in cows, and from this standpoint the current study was conducted, which included measuring the levels of malondaldehyde ) MDA) , and glutathione(GSH) .As the study included a number of adult cows (40) and a number of young calves 2-3 months old (35 calves). A stool sample (5 grams) and a blood sample (10 cm) were taken from each animal. The affected animals were diagnosed through the detection of the visible symptoms on animal and stool examination The stool was laboratory treated through an examination, using floatation and direct smaer  methods to find ovarian cysts of the parasite,and the percentage of infection was determined using the modified Macmaster method, and then biochemical tests were performed on blood samples of both infected and healthy cows. The color test method was used to measure the level of malondialdehyde and the modified Almanns method to measure the level of glutathione in plasma. The results of the current study showed that infection with the parasite increased lipid peroxidation in the blood plasma of both calves and cows, respectively (4.3423 ± 1.0238, 7.4918 ± 1.4232) compared with normal cows and calves (2.3423 ± 0.465, 2.9537 ± 1.063), while it led to a decrease in glutathione level in Both of the infected cows (7.3041 ± 2.8213) compared with healthy cows (11.2322 ± 2.2628), and there was no significant difference in the level of glutathione between infected and uninfected calves.

Abstract
The study represents everyday life struggle in which language is considered as a problem-solving process. The current study is an attempt to investigate Mosuli cultural and Islamic traditions as a crucial factor for explaining linguistic formulas used by maneuvers in seller-buyer interaction. It also investigates the socio-linguistic variables and their effect on sequential organization, the types and more frequent acts in seller- buyer interaction and to see what are the specific choices of speech, style and the most frequent acts.
It is found that the cultural context is an effective factor in understanding and analyzing the linguistic utterances as acts which represents strategies for pricing and purchasing and that speech acts reflect the social and cultural traditions related to language. Social and Islamic traditions as generosity and hospitality are deeply rooted in the Mosuli society. Moreover, sellers and buyers avoid in most cases threatening the negative face to reach their goal of persuasion.
Adopting Sinclair-Coulthard's model(1975), the study has come up with a set of conclusions among which : understanding the cultural context is crucial for successful performance of selling buying strategies, speech acts and addressing forms help in accomplishing the negotiation process; also speech acts as strategies are heavily used to achieve the goal of interlocutors in Mosuli society.

Vagueness refers to the form of expression that has an open range of interpretations. Certainly, a research paper begins with an abstract. The abstract should be a self-contained piece of information, clear, concise, brief, comprehensive, precise, and to the point. The problem of the present study focuses on the reasons behind using vague words or expressions in writing research abstracts. The current study aims at identifying vagueness in research abstracts used by researchers. The researcher has analysed two abstracts following Kempson’s (1977) model of vagueness. The model is based on four types of vagueness: referential vagueness, indeterminacy of meaning, lack of specification in the meaning of an item and disjunction in the specification of the meaning of an item. The abstracts are taken from “College of Basic Education Researches Journal”, Iraq; and “AL-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences”, Iraq before being reviewed and published. The results of the study show that the researchers used 8 cases of vagueness for the sample of the study. Referential vagueness scored the percentage (50%), the indeterminacy of meaning and lack of specification in the meaning of an item (25%), and finally, no cases of disjunction in the specification of the meaning of an item were found. To sum up, it has been concluded the reason behind using vague words or expressions in writing abstracts due to the lack of knowledge about vague expressions and using imprecise words. Also, the reason behind using vague words or expressions in writing abstracts attributed to misuse of punctuation marks.

The aim :
The level of Self-efficacy of Mosul university students. The difference in the level of Self-efficacy among them depending on the gender variable. Differences in the level of Self-efficacy of students participating and not participating in workshops . The differences in the level of Self-efficacy among students whose are participating and not participating in workshops depending on the gender variable . A sample of (100) male and female students who are participated in workshops in cooperation with the University of Dortmund were selected randomly, and as a random sample of (100) male and female students in various faculties who did not participate in the workshop, thus the final number of the sample (200) students. After reviewing a number of previous scales and studies, the tool was prepared to measure the level of self-efficacy and reached in its initial form of (26) items. and reached the following results: enjoy the sample of research with high-efficacy expectations and therefore the students of Mosul University have high efficacy expectations, there is no significant difference in the level of efficacy expectations between males and females. There is a difference between the participants in the workshops and the non-participants in the workshops and for the benefit of the students participating in the workshops, i.e. the workshops in which the students participate have a positive impact in raising the level of expectations of Self-efficacy of the participants. The results also showed that the workshops had a positive impact equal to both males and females.

                  Identity is considered one of the main elements of life in all times. One may sacrifice one’s property for the sake of preserving their identity even if they are forced to leave their motherlands. This paper adopts a feminist approach to analyze the role of women in Flyin’ West and their endeavor to find their own identity. It also attempts to clarify the relationship of identity to African Americans’ culture, history, and land. In this play, Pearl Cleage makes clear her own experience of migration by her female point of view to reform the identity of African American people in the United States. Furthermore, she brings out how her women characters suffer twice, as being female and black that results in their movement from one place; south, to another; west. The paper also refers to the causes of migration of black females on account of certain social circumstances in order to sustain their honorable identity. Finally, it tries to find the positive outcomes of the relocation so as to achieve the aims and confirm the self-determination of Blacks in the United States.

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season for the years 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 successively to study the effect of foliar application of zinc and boron on growth traits, yield components and quality of three flax genotypes (Lithuania, Ariana and Linot).
The experiment included three concentrations of zinc (0,5 and 10 mg zinc/L) and three concentrations of boron (0, 6 and 12 mg boron/L) implemented according to the factorial experiment in a Completely Random Block Design.
The main findings could be summarized as follows:-
The results indicate that the Lenot genotype gave the highest values ​​for the traits of plant height, stem diameter, number of fruiting branches, number of capsules/plant, number of seeds/capsule, weight of thousand seeds, total seed yield (tons/ha) and oil yield (tons/ha). for seasons 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 respectively.
Foliar application with zinc on plant leaves at a concentration of 5 mg zinc/liter led to a significant increase in plant height, number of fruiting branches, number of capsules/plant, number of seeds/capsule, weight of thousand seeds, total seed yield (tons/ha), oil yield (tons/ha) in both growing seasons.
Adding boron application on plant leaves at a concentration of 6 mg boron/liter led to a significant increase in plant height, stem diameter, number of fruiting branches, number of capsules/plant, number of seeds/capsule, weight of thousand seeds, total seed yield (tons/ha) and oil yield (tons/ha) for seasons 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, respectively.
In general, it can be concluded that the highest total yield of seeds per unit area can be achieved by planting Lenot genotype and adding zinc on plant leaves at a concentration of 5 mg/L and boron at a concentration of 6 mg/L with in Dryland Conditions of this study.

College of Basic Education
Researches Journal
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