College Of Basic Education Research Journal

بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم
بین یدی الباحثین العدد الاول من المجلد السابع عشر للعام 2021، الذی یتضمن تسعاً وثلاثین بحثاً فی العلوم الانسانیة والعلوم الصرفة، وقد تم فی هذا العدد دمج بحوث التخصصات المتقاربة فی محور واحد، وهی بحوث اللغة العربیة والعلوم الاسلامیة، وبحوث التاریخ والجغرافیة، وبقیت محاور التخصصات الاخرى بعنواناتها السابقة.
وقد قررت هیئة التحریر فی اجتماعها الخامس الذی عقد بتاریخ 10-2-2021 بعدم نشر اکثر من بحث واحد لباحث بعینه فی العدد الواحد، حفاضاً على الرصانة العلمیة ولإتاحة الفرصة لباحثین اخرین بنشر ابحاثهم. وقد تم تنفیذ هذا القرار بدءاً من هذا العدد الذی بین ایدیکم. وتود هیئة تحریر المجلة ان تذکر السادة الباحثین والسیدات الباحثات ان مجلة ابحاث کلیة التربیة الاساسیة التی تصدر عن جامعة الموصل کانت ولا زالت مجلة علمیة محکمة تنشر البحوث الرصینة الملتزمة بأصول البحث العلمی ومنهجیته. ولا ابواب لها لنشر المقالات او عروض الکتب، مما یبعدها عن مسارها العلمی الجاد.
نأمل ان یعثر الباحثون فی تضاعیف هذا العدد على ما یصبون الیه من دراسات انسانیة وعلمیة فی مجال تخصصهم. ومن الله تعالى العون والسداد.

The aim of  research is to compare the strategy of opposite class  and the strategy of Jigsaw integrative in the performance of students of  physics department for the applications of measurement and evaluation. The sample consisted of (80) students selected in  random  style from the fourth class  students in the physics department at the College of Education for Pure Sciences / Mosul University for the academic year. (2018-2019)distributed in two equal groups in the first one , experimental group(1) consisted  (40) students studied the strategy of the opposite class, while the experimental group (2) of (40) students studied  according to the strategy of Jigsaw integrative.
To achieve the research aim , the researcher prepared teaching plans and applied statistical issues through analysis and characteristics of the target group and  Fundamentals of strategies and teaching skills . The researcher formulated five specific article paragraphs answering a mathematical operative related to a standard process reached through a set of mathematical steps. The researcher has verified the validity , reliability and psychometric properties of the tool, and then carried out his experiment on the research sample  with himself and the students of physics department and then the data were analyzed statistically and the results indicated than :
1-There is a statistically significant difference between the arithmetic average of performance and the theoretical average (15) and for the benefit achieved.
2-There is a statistically significant difference between the average performance achieved and theoretical and for the benefit achieved.
3-There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (05.0) between the average performance of the two experimental research groups for statistical applications.
In the light of the results, the researcher concluded:
The possibility of applying the opposite class strategy and Jigsaw integrative strategy in the measurement and evaluation for the fourth class  students / physics department.
It also recommended the adoption of the same strategies in the decision of measurement and evaluation for its importance.
As a complement to the current research, the researcher also suggested conducting several future studies.

Summary of the research: The main objectives of this research is to measure the level of difference in innovative thinking among students of the two colleges and the level of difference according to gender and stage. It also aimed to measure the difference in the level of visual intelligence between students of the two colleges in general and the stage and gender in particular. By preparing them the researcher and extracting their validity, statistical analysis and consistency in the standard method used in formulating research, as the innovative thinking scale consists of (30) items and the visual intelligence scale consisting of (25) paragraphs, and the data were analyzed and processed using statistical means such as the T-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, simple linear regression, etc. Results There is no difference in innovative thinking between the two faculties and according to gender, but there is a difference according to the stage of study, and there is a difference between students of the two faculties in visual intelligence and the stage of study, and there is no difference according to gender, and there is a correlation between the two variables of the research and there are contributions between them. Through what he mentioned, the researcher presented a set of analyzes and recommendations after the results that were achieved through the research.

The Current research aims to make a comparative study a bout the effect of religious summer school held in mosques on the recitation of third and fourth graders of the texts of Islamic Education . Limits of the research were third and fourth graders pupils in four schools ( two for males and tow for females ) for the academic year ( 2012 – 2013 ) . Al-Firdous and Om AL.Qura mosques in AL-Kafaat AL thaniya quartery . Each mosque held two sessions of the religious course one for males and the other for females . Sample was ( 400 ) pupils . The researcher made a recitation test of quranic verses in their syllabus . to verify it , the test was shown to a pannal of experts to know its surface reliability . Correction stability factor was found using ( Peason conjunction factor ) due to the possibility of error in estimating degrees in tests by having a Correcting a Correcter for two times in a raw . The Pearson conjunction factor for dual orrection ( 0.97 ) and the stability of two independent correctors In addition to a professional correcting person in this field reached ( 0.88 ) indicating a high stability test . later , data were statistically analyzed and the results showed statistic cally Significant difference at the level for ( 0.05 ) between test degrees for the pupils in first and second hypotheses of third and fourth graders and in favor of the pupils who participated in religious course . No statistically significant differences were found between groups in third and fourth hypotheses related to sex variable .Given the previous resuits , the researcher made some recommendations like : teachers urge their students at the end of the academic year to enroll in religious courses held in mosques . As a completion , the researcher suggested initiating a study to know the effect of religious Courses on behavioral and moral aspects of the pupils.

This aim of this research to identify the most important difficulties that female students in solving mathematical problems .To obtain the aims of  the study the reserchers have adopted  anumber of  proceedings as following.
‌ Take a randomly samples  from  AL-Safa  intermediate  School  for girls in  Tikret. The first  stage  consists of  two sections (A-B) the  total  number  of  students  is (120).
-The research uses  different  statistical  means such as set of questions which  have been given to the students to  answer them. 
The study found that female students ’neglect of their studies and review, as well as neglect of homework, in addition to the inefficiency of some female teachers and their lack of modern teaching methods when presenting the lesson, as well as their neglect of individual differences between students and lack of communication with the guardians of students. All these reasons led to their failure to solve mathematical issues in Mathematics. Finally, the study presented solutions to the above problems and could be adopted by teachers to advance a better scientific reality.
 

The current research aimed to identify the behavioral aspects practiced by students of the College of Education for Humanities during the period of home quarantine and to identify the differences in the level of behavioral manifestations according to the gender variable (male-female), the department variable (history, psychology), and the stage variable (second stage, fourth stage) The basic research sample consisted of (200) male and female students who were randomly selected from academic stages of College of Education for Humanities, with (115) males from Department of History and Psychology and (85) females from Department of History and Psychology, and (107) From the second stage students (93) from the fourth stage students and to achieve the goals of the research, the researcher built a behavioral scale, and apparent honesty of the tool was verified by presenting it to group of arbitrators and professors specialized in field of study as it has verified stability, with the Alpha Crow Nebach equation. Where the value of persistence was using the Alpha Crow Nebach equation (83), the researcher used the appropriate statistical means for her research such as Pearson correlation coefficient, T-test for one sample, T-test for two independent samples, and T-test for the significance of correlation coefficient. Results showed that there no significant difference in level of behavioral manifestations according to gender variable (male, female) and for benefit of females, and there is no significant difference according to variable of stage (second, fourth), and in favor of second stage students.

Programs developed on the basis of teaching skills require applicants during the period of training before graduation to reach a specific level of teaching performance as a condition for the practice of the teaching profession in the future. The aim of the present research is to find out the level of performance of applied students from the point of view of the supervisors of the Faculty of Basic Education, Department of Mathematics, the research sample consisted of (67) students from the Department of Mathematics, the fourth stage of the academic year 2018-2019 The researcher used the t-test for one sample and the results showed that there are statistically significant difference for the performance of the applied student in favor of the arithmetic mean for the general level of performance of students applying  for teaching skills , as well as the presence of statistically significant differences for the arithmetic mean, however, was particularly good in the skill of managing teaching performance.

This study aim to introduce framine a s theoretical cornerstone of organizational filter as well as determine the level availability of it on organization research.
The problem of study fete of question: Do determined research have methods guarantee to decide of organizational filter in field work that could to performance tasks?
The hypothesis study is Non availability of organization research cornerstone that internalization of organizational filter, also the study depend questionnaire as tool collect of data that specified of cornerstone organizational filter that distributed of random sample of work (42) persons and the researcher used statistical method such as (Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and factor analysis). The study reached many conclusions for instance (there are availability cornerstone of organizational filter as well as           centered of this phenomenon in six factors that rotation matrix and Eigen values are more one.
The study introduced many recommendations such as:
Diagnosis of supporting factors of interpretation of Cornerstone of Orgaizetional Filter inorder to philosophy knowledge  of contents and measured of impacts.
 

Andalusian literature has outlined the features of its identity in the Arab, Islamic and global civilization in eight eras of creativity and scientific and literary production, and the emergence of figures that have been witnessed by history in science and literature.   his movement in administrative and political positions  won great favor with the sultans, and when the envy and those who hated him did not leave him, he was accused of heresy and burned his books, and his life ended while he was far from his homeland and died dead.
The concept of the image is related to the concept of the mirror, which is defined as a surface that reflects everything that stands in front of it and anything that has the property of the reflective surface, it is a mirror ... and that which stands in front of the mirror is known as the origin and which reflects it, it is known as the image;  And that what comes to the eye is a look at things not the things themselves.  The eye sees through the media, imagination and beliefs, meaning that the eye sees what it wants to see, not what is in front of it.
 The image is an artistic standard to highlight the aesthetic in the literary text, determined by the imagination of writers and their ingenuity in choosing the most accurate according to its psyche, and the dimensions of the image are a feature of the peculiarities of literary expression.
  The other can be a mirror through which he reads the ego, so the perception of the ego is inseparable from the perception of the other, and vice versa.  The existence of the other is necessary for the existence of the ego, and the relationship between them is an inevitable relationship or it may be a reflection of the image.
I will shed light according to an interpretative reading of the image of the other, both the parallel and the opposite one as well as the human and the place in the letters of lisan al-Din ibn al-Khatib.
 

The title of this study is 'the verbs of concealment and coverage in Aribite languages a lexical study' where we collected verbs that give meanings of coverage in each of Akkadian, Ugaritic, Hebrew , Syriac, Athiopic and Arabic languages. We have counted these expression and studied their sounds, meaning and connotations, and their development over different ages,  we have relied in this study on the dictionaries of these languages. These verbs can be classified within the Aribite or Semitic commonality.
 

Moral science is one of the most important sciences of Arabic, as it and grammar together were born after the Arabs felt their need for them in order to preserve the Noble Qur’an from the melody that spread after the introduction of non-Arab groups into Islam, as well as to understand the Qur’an text as the body of rules  that regulate life.
Our ancient scholars had great efforts in writing on various topics of this science, so they enriched the Islamic library with valuable books of great benefit in order to preserve this eternal linguistic heritage, and we will adopt in this research marked with (morphological contemplations of Sheikh Ismail Al-Hamden (d. ) To highligh a part of Sheikh Ismail Al-Hamdi's efforts in this field, as the sheikh exposed many of the chapters of this knowledge and warned about them, clarified , and discussed them, adding that the commentator (al-Kafrawi), including his remarks in the chapter on sources, misleading, substitution, and miniaturization, has taken great care of it. It has undergone changes in its structure, and has completed in three sections after an introduction in which we dealt with the life of Sheikh Ismail Al-Hamdi and the concept of exchange as a language and idiom, and the first section was made to explain its morphological implications in the section of sources, and in the second section we dealt with its conclusions in the section of dependency, substitution and miniaturization. And make the third topic to clarify its conclusions with regard to controlling vocabulary, singling it out, and collecting it.
 

The place has a big importance in the fictionist reciting, and this is one of important elements which depend on by the writer in his stories, and gives it a special dimension. So, many writers tend with this subject and give it a big importance. It seems in many cases as a basic part in the reciting, it is an acting element, effect on the characters and events, and related  firmly with elements of story. The writer (Najman Yassen) care with place and its manifests in his story set (Junoon wama Ashbah) throughout this fascinating space, which varying between tame and adversarial place.
 Each kind has meaning and sense in these stories, he give to the place many different senses influenced by the environment which he lived in.
The research divided into introduction and two themes, the introduction specified the place concept and its impressions in the narrative text, the first theme specified for  the study of s the tame place, including (shop, café and room), where as the second theme specified for study the adversarial place, including (grave, prison and home courtyard). The research depended on a big group of resources and references.
 

The research deals with the causal interpretation of names in the book Taj Al-Aar from the Jawaher Al-Qamoos by Muhammad Murtada Al-Zubaidi . The causal interpretation represents a form of interpretation on which the Arabic dictionaries relied. Reasoning by begging for a causal cause. The importance of this study appears in that the causal explanation is an important aspect of the linguistic lesson, and it is a semantic phenomenon and a form of derivation that is the measure of language, as it searches for the origin of names in terms of naming.
The research was based on a preface that deals with the Arabs naming names in terms of the name, then explaining the reasons for the names that came with several considerations, including: according to his work or action, or the effect of his action, his characteristic, his shape and appearance, or his color, or the source of his action indicating one of the types of derivatives, or In the name of the story of his voice.

The selection of the creative Iraqi storyteller (Haitham Behnam Barada) came as a field of research for his collections of very short stories, which he called (suspended love / the second night after a thousand / the isolation of Enkidu / Tamahi / Ships and Caves) which he collected in one volume entitled (Complete Works: The very short story) which was printed by Dar Al-Now Publishers and Distributors / Amman / 2019 of coherent artistic techniques in which he worked hard to preserve the identity of the narrative text, as well as relying on sign, lighting, a quick glance and a visionary blow to express life experiences in society, so the mark formed a phenomenon Distinguished in his very short narrative works, through which he worked to uncover art and produce a new meaning within the communicative discourse between the narrator and the reader.
The research was divided into an introduction  and two sections . The first topic included through its study (types of time) in terms of natural time, which in turn was divided into (external / apparent) with its historical, cosmic and psychological (internal / internal) corner, while in the second section we devoted a study on (techniques Time) in terms of its types, retrieval and anticipation.

The majority of literary texts and their various genres are based upon the three units of tense (past, present and future). Despite the fact that there are many critical studies in this field, yet, there is still a room for interpretation since those literary texts, especially pre-Islamic ones, are loaded with various critical visions. As such, we chose to study Imru' al-Qais’s Nuniyya  addressing the very reasons for the poet’s vision of the absurdism of the mnemonic movements as well as nostalgia and at the same time his precipitancy towards future and its pleasures which indicates the poet’s pursue to neglect both past and present laying a tremendous interest to future and the pursue of its pleasures. This vision gushed out due to the poet’s consciousness of the inevitability of death, therefore surging towards future trying, as possible, to win as much of its pleasures.
 

The novel is no longer regarded as a pure literary work and a small isolated individual project. Rather, it has become a creative human construction with different sources and diverse cultures, languages, and styles. It is an innovative carnivalistic art for the techniques of being transformed and updated, techniques that make it distinctive and that give it origins, foundations, transformations, and philosophical cognitive contexts. This is because it opens to the ever-evolving psychological and scientific explorations in addition to the overlapping and mixture with other genres and arts. The novel is quite dynamic whose form is life itself, and it is vital and innovative. It always searches a meaning that interprets life in a way as to reconstruct existence again. The novel is no longer regarded as a pure literary work and a small isolated individual project. Rather, it has become a creative human construction with different sources and diverse cultures, languages, and styles. It is an innovative carnivalistic art for the techniques of being transformed and updated, techniques that make it distinctive and that give it origins, foundations, transformations, and philosophical cognitive contexts. This is because it opens to the ever-evolving psychological and scientific explorations in addition to the overlapping and mixture with other genres and arts. The novel is quite dynamic whose form is life itself, and it is vital and innovative. It always searches a meaning that interprets life in a way as to reconstruct existence again.

This study deals with a very important aspect  which is “the extravagance and excessiveness by the guardian in eating from the orphan’s money”. It emphasizes that Islamic religion prohibits and bans the extravagance, especially in cases in which the guardian, who is responsible for the orphan’s money with protection, care and  (investment), uses the orphan’s money in an extravagant and excessive way. However, the Islamic jurisprudence  permits the guardian to eat from the orphan’s money, but in a reasonable way. This is stressed in the following verse (ayah) from the glorious Qur’an: ﴾and whoever (amongst the guardians) is rich, he should take no wages, but if he is poor, let him have for himself what is just and reasonable (according to his labour)  ﴿ {An-Nisa’ surah, ayah: 6}. This is because the basic principle stresses on the prohibition of the orphan’s money. This permission is limited to this glorious text (ayah) only, which permits only the poor guardian to spend  from the orphan’s money.
This study has proved the prohibition of taking from the orphan’s money without a lawful (legitimate) purpose, except what was exempted by the Islamic texts. The study has showed the merits of the Islamic law (Shari’a) in honoring orphans, and safeguarding their money as well as caring and developing it.
This study has concluded that the rich guardian is not permitted to spend  from the orphan’s money. However, the poor guardian is permitted to take less than his actual wage or the service he provides for the orphan. Moreover, The guardian is not allowed to take anything as a kind of compensation if his financial condition gets better. He is not allowed to get any benefit except for the food and drink.
 

 
The Muslims' attention to the Holy Qur’an varied in respect of it and reverence for its position. This was from the grace of God and his promise to memorize it, and the Qur’anic readings - correct and odd-. And parsing, and in spite of those efforts that continued over the decades, some of these anomalous readings, in particular, are still widespread in books, some of them without explanation and clarification of their meanings and interpretations. In eight verses of it, the number of the recited readings was twenty-seven, some of which confirmed the continuous meaning, some of which came on the language of the Arabic language and memorized it, and some of which highlighted a possible meaning in the recurring wording, and some of them did not affect the meaning of the verse by anything, and some of them were support and argument For an interpretative opinion, a number of commentators went to it.

The Ash'ari school of thought is considered one of the three most important ideological trends of the Sunnis and the community in the Islamic world, and it has a moderate approach that balances between transmission and reason in its evidence, and is based on foundations. From the Qur’an and Sunnah. Its prominent scholars are distinguished by their broad outlooks, knowledge, impartiality and objectivity, but their opponents have claims against the school and its scholars, and these allegations do not contradict the clear facts that we will prove. They claim that he returned to an archaeological belief and abandoned his Ash'ari approach, and we will prove in our research that he did not deviate from the doctrine of the Sunnis and the Ash'ari sect, since he left the Mu'tazila doctrine. And its establishment of the Ashary School.
 

The Book of the jamahir  in Knowing Gems occupied the center stage despite the dozens of books that were written in stones and minerals before and after him, as his book is considered the most important in the sciences of minerals, gems and metals, and it is one of the first among their meanings and placed the specific weight of some metals and gemstones and mentioned that many of these gems are similar in color.  But it is not different in nature.
 Al-Biruni devotes in his work a chapter to each type of minerals, gems and gemstones, and from these chapters the separation of pearls as this chapter began with a discussion of the atemology of pearls and their description by linguists, and follows them by describing the characteristics of the types of pearls, their location and analysis of their physical properties.  Then he mentions its titles among the essentials, and after that he discusses its value and price in the market, taking into consideration the different degrees of purity and optical properties of it, then he follows it with methods of repairing what has spoiled pearls, then he comes to mention the sea and the yam and follows it by mentioning the shells, the places of pearls and the cesspits and their depths, the times  and the way of wicker, and this is what he touched  To him, after presenting an overview of Al-Biruni and his book Al-Jamahir in Knowing the Gems, in terms of the meaning of the author's name, when he wrote it, the most important reasons that led him to write it, the most important sources on which he relied  in his work, and what is the methodology that Al-Biruni followed in his book.
 

The Jews in the AL- Maghreb countries in general and Libya In particular played an immense role in the economic, Political, and administrative  life positively or negatively. Jews knew flexible policy of Arab rulers through different  eras, a freedom guaranteed by Islamic religion that regarded Jews as thimis. some of them even became within the entourage of Arab rulers .Their well fare lasted in the occupation eras. There were state counselors , jewelers and bankers, some worked in commerce agriculture, industry and other crafts.  The Majority of them were hard  brokers which  gave them economical influence and hording  economical activities especially commerce and industry.
The research aims at shedding light on the economical role of Jews in Libya from1911- 1951,on the most difficult and dangerous in Libya. Italian occupation began1911 until 1943. After that Libya gone under the English and French military  authority until the year 1951 when Libya got independence.
Due to the economic importance of  Jews in Libya and their contact with British and Italian occupation  from 1911 until the Second World War. The second talk was about activities during the Second World War. The third focused on economical activities especially commerce and industry under authority of British administration their role in the events of 1945 until 1948 until the independence of Libya .                                                    

This research aims at using the geographical information system (GIS) to detect the morphometric and geometric characteristics that are considered one of the new trends to study rivers valleys and identify the extent of their development in addition to identifying the hydromorphometric characteristics represented by area, morphology and the terrain features as well as the water network characteristics in order to build a geographical database for the river valley because the morphometric characteristics provide useful indicators for the river valley hydrological characteristics which help evaluate the capabilities of the surface water and managing them easily due to the strong relation between the morphometric and hydrological characteristics.
This research dealt with analyzing the geometric and morphometric characteristics of the water discharge network of AlAjeej valley, which is located in the noth western part of Iraq in Nineveh governorate, represented by the engineering, topographic and morphological characteristics of the discharge valley by using (Arc Gis 10.5) program to obtain elaborate results and then producing maps in addition to taking the various morphometric dimensions, building some spatial relations amongst all the valley characteristics. Moreover, the natural characteristics which affect the valley especially the rocky nature, climate and topographical features were also investigated.
Keyword: Al-Ajeej valley, GIS, Nineveh Governorate.
 

The health aspect of the city of Dohuk plays a fundamental role in providing all the health requirements of the population in achieving sustainable and sustainable human development integrated for the population, which reflects the achievement of economic development and equipped with a healthy workforce and also as a result of reaching a regular distribution according to approved standards instead of random distribution.The study aims at a geographical analysis of the reality of health units in the city center of Dohuk, and to know the extent of the standards of variation in the sizes of the health units components and to provide a picture of the reality of the city center. The components of health services, and the study concluded that there has been a significant increase in the health services of  Duhok district center for the period 1991-2018, as it reached (42) centers for the year 1991 and increased by 175 centers for the year 2018, based on the local standard for the health center, one for every (10,000) people, if this is applied The standard on the population of the city and health centers, the number of each center reached (20588) people, and this means that all health centers suffer from a great burden in providing their services and also resulted in great pressure on hospitals and health centers in the city as a result of the high prices of private medical services.

This study focused on analyzing the hydrogomorphological factors and processes that led to the formation of geomorphological units, including highlighting the origins and development of the  basin on the one hand, and identifying its hydrogomorphological characteristics represented by drainage and sedimentary production on the other hand. The problem of the study arose in the difficulty of identifying the morphometric characteristics and their effect on the course of the geomorphological processes that exercise their activity in the basin and the environmental impacts thereof which can be used in the reconstruction of the basin ecosystem. Therefore, the temporary flowing (Shukran) basin was chosen, located between latitude 34 44 21 and 35 00 28 north, and longitudes 43 38 59 and 43 52 24 east in the governorate of Erbil, as the valley originates from the chain of the damaged area and flows into the small Zab. The 

The current study endeavors to invstigate Nemrud sub-district populations in terms of the race, age, gender, educational and vocational composition in addition to the change this sub-district witnessed during the Iraqi-Iranian war 1980-1988, the agrssion of the coalition led by the United States of America in 1990 and the absence of security after the fall of the regime in 2003. All this was reflected in the nature of the popolation of this area and consequently a change in their composition occured. In order to conceive the status quo composition of this sub-district, the researchers adopted the field study of a regular random sample that comprised 453 households with a percentage of 6.8% of the total number of the households in the area which is 6611 households according to 2010 census, to identify the change that took place in the population composition using the population statistics methods to get to findings that are beneficial to the research on the basis of analyzign the results of the field study.
The research revealed that there is a diversity in races including Arab, Turkman, Shabak and Kakaiya. There was also an increase in the populations of Nemrud (106.3 males versus 100 females, increase in sustenance (82.2%), a discrepancy in the educational levels, the highest of which is the primary stage (68.4%) and the lowest is the university grade (6.3%) out of the total populations with an age of six years and older. There was also actual workforce represented by (929) individuals with a percenateg of (30.2%) of the sample and they are distributed in accordance with various occupations.
 

 
The study of the rural settlement  as ageographical phenomenor requries studying its general morphology means the general shape our outward appearance of the rural settlement . Therefore , studying the morphology of the rural settlement has two dimensions . The first dimension is to study the form of the settlement , its composition and the extension of its housing units The second dimension is the study of housing units in terms of design , construction materials and housing unit components.
Among the most prominent findings of the study is the existence of one type of rural settlements in the study area represented by the old traditional pattern (un planned) , which reflected its effects on the spatial organization of the various activities and on their morphology . as well as social factors such as customs , traditions , tribal spirit and clan tendency had a clear impact on the construction fabric and the components and plan of rural settlements . 

The research aims to investigate  the following:
- The effect of rebound exercises using the sand medium on a number of skill variables for football players.
- The effect of rebound exercises using the water medium on a number of skill variables for football players.
- The significance of the statistical differences in the sand and water media between the two experimental research groups in the post tests
   The researcher used the experimental method for its suitability and the nature of the research. The experiment was carried out on a sample of  (24) players of the Muthanna Sports Forum in Football, who were (17- 19) years old.  The latest training curriculum that used rebound exercises that was implemented by the two experimental groups had a positive effect on developing all the football skill variables under consideration.
- The first experimental group (the water medium), which used rebound exercises, outperformed the second experimental group (the sandy medium), which used the same rebound exercises in the variables under investigation and for the benefit of the post test.

The research aimed to the following: Revealing  training effect by using rubber ropes and additional weights training on a number of basic skills for Volleyball Players, Revealing the differences between the two experimental groups in the post-test in a number of basic skills  of volleyball players, the researcher hypothesized that; the use rubber ropes and additional weights training positively affect the basic skills of volleyball players, There are no differences between the two experimental groups in the post-test in a number of basic skills for volleyball players, The experimental approach was used for its suitability to the nature of the research, the experiment of the research was conducted on a sample chosen by the intentional method and which was represented by  Nineveh Sports Club's volleyball players in the category of (advanced players).they was (12) the sample was divided by using lottery into two experimental groups of (6) players for each group. Equivalence between the two groups was considered in the variables of the research (basic skills). the experimental design called pre and post- test equivalent groups design was used, personal interview, tests and measures, and questionnaires were adopted as means of data collection, After the completion of the training program and percentages were used as statistical means and Data was analyzed using by the statistical package (Spss),
 They researcher arrived at  the following conclusions: the use of special exercises with rubber ropes and additional weights training led to the development of all basic skills of volleyball players,and Training with additional weights surpassed the developing offensive block, and Training with rubber ropes surpassed the developing spike for volleyball players.
 

The research aims to
1.Preparing the assessment tool for human, material and financial resources management in the departments of sports talent in the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports from the point of view of the trainers of the specialized centers.
2.Evaluating the financial resources management in the sports talent care departments of the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports from the point of view of the specialized centers trainers.
3. Evaluating the human and material resources management in the sports talent care departments of the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports from the point of view of the specialized centers trainers.
The descriptive approach was used in the survey method, and the research samples consisted of the initial exploratory application sample of (10) trainers, the sample to verify the internal consistency and stability of the tool of (117) trainers, and the application sample of (68) trainers, and a questionnaire was prepared to evaluate The human, material and financial resources management in the departments of sports talent in the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports, which included two dimensions, the first of which was concerned with evaluating the management of human and material resources. The second dimension was concerned with evaluating the management of financial resources. The period on the five Likert scale.
The most important conclusions were
1. Financial management factors related to the preservation of public money and its good utilization, and the existence of a sound financial control system that provides the characteristics and conditions for using financial resources at a medium level.
2. The factors of human and material resource development came in the departments of sports talent care at the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports related to the proportionality of the numbers of coaches in the specialized center with the number of talented players and the provision of clothing, tools and sports equipment for talented people in the specialized in an Middle level.
 
 

- Setting a scale of strategic planning areas for the sports activities divisions in Iraqi governmental universities.
- Identifying the level of strategic planning stages in the sports activities divisions of public universities from the standpoint of their sport cadres.
The descriptive approach was used by the survey method, and the two samples of construction and final application included (102.157) of the sports cadres working in the sports activities divisions of Iraqi governmental universities, and to obtain data, strategic planning scale was set and included five stages: (environmental analysis, strategic direction, strategic formation, strategic application, strategic evaluation) and after the scientific conditions were met, the data were treated statistically through the arithmetic mean, percentage and simple correlation and tests for two independent samples.
The researchers have concluded the following:
- The strategic planning measure was reached in the sports activities divisions in Iraqi governmental universities, and its effectiveness was verified in measuring the strategic planning stages.
The sports activities divisions in Iraqi governmental universities operate according to a high level of strategic planning from the viewpoint of their staff and with the following indicators:
1. The high level of application of the stages of environmental analysis and strategic direction, strategy formulation and strategy implementation.
2. A medium level of implementation of the strategy evaluation phase.

The researchers recommended the following:
1. Applying the strategic planning scale to other samples such as directorates of sports and school activism, and directorates of youth and sports.

The idea of ​​the research is summarized in the identification of mental capabilities in all dimensions and in the detection of differences in these dimensions and in the whole mental capacity measure of the players of the Mosul Sports Club and the Al-Baladiya Football Club in order to know the players who have the best mental abilities for the purpose of involving them in the basic formation of the club or team.
 
 

The aim of the research is to detection:
1- The effect of matches within the area (40 * 20 m) on some physical and skill variables and the anaerobic ability of futsal soccer players.
2- The effect of matches within the area (27 * 20 m) on some physical and skill variables and the anaerobic ability of futsal soccer players.
3- The effect of matches within the area (14 * 20 m) on some physical and skill variables and the anaerobic ability of futsal soccer players.
4- The significance of the statistical differences between the three experimental groups in some physical and skill variables and the anaerobic ability of Futsal footballers.
To verify the research objectives, the following hypotheses were put in place:
1- There are significant differences between the pre and post tests of the first experimental group in some physical and skill variables and anaerobic ability in favor of the post test.
2- There are significant differences between the pre and post tests of the second experimental group in some physical and skill variables and anaerobic ability in favor of the post test.
3- There are significant differences between the pre and post tests of the third experimental group in some physical and skill variables and anaerobic ability in favor of the post test.
4- There are significant differences in the dimensional tests in some physical and skill variables and anaerobic ability between the three experimental groups. 
As the experimental method was used for its suitability and the nature of the research, the research experiment was carried out on the sample of the Nineveh club youth in the futsal consisting of (28) players, and the research sample was divided into three experimental groups and by (8) players in each group, and the most important theoretical and practical research steps Analyzing the content of scientific sources, personal interviews, tests and the training curriculum, and conducting one  exploratory experiments, and before implementing the training curriculum, tribal tests (physical, skill, and anaerobic ability) were conducted in two consecutive days, and then the curriculum was implemented according to three intermediate courses and a pregnancy movement (2: 1) and at the rate of (9) Small courses The small course includes(3)  training units, and accordingly(27) training units were implemented during the curriculum, and then the dimensional tests were carried out. To extract the results, the statistical bag (SPSS) was used: (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, test (t) Correlated samples, analysis of variance, least significant difference (LSD) and percentage).
The following main conclusions were reached:
- The first experimental group achieved a significant superiority in (the maximum transition speed, velocity elongation, two leg strength, ball rolling, and anaerobic ability) better than the second and third experimental groups.
- The second experimental group achieved a moral superiority in (agility and strength characterized by speed for the two legs and scoring from movement) better than the first and third experimental groups.
- The third experimental group achieved significant superiority in (the kinematic speed of the two men and the speed of response and passing from the movement and suppression of the movement) better than the first and second experimental groups.
 
 

The study aims to measure the effectiveness of the prostatic acid phosphatase in the blood serum of patients with prostate cancer as a predictor for diagnosing this pathology, measuring the concentration of the prostatic specific antigen and measuring oxidative stress by measuring the lipid peroxidation of malondialdehyde and clutathione. Results indicated that there was a statistically significant increase in the effectiveness of the prostatic acid phosphatese in the blood serum of the persons infected with prostate cancer compared to the healthy persons.
                  

A field experiment was carried out to study  the effect of partial root zone irrigation on growth and yield of sorghum  (Sorghum bicolor L.)   in a gypsifereous Soil ,  at the experimental station of the college of Agriculture, Tikrit university, located at 34°40 49 and 43° 38 40 longitude and 129m above sea level . The experiment was conducted with a Randomized complete Block Pesign (RCBD). The Irrigation treatments Included  Conventional Irrigation, Fixed Partial Root-Zone Irrigation and Alternate Partial Root-Zone Irrigation (I₁  , I₂ , I₃). were applied during one of the four growth stages, which are the emergence phase, the vegetative phase, the flowering stage and seeds development (S₁  , S₂ , S₃ , S₄). Sorghum seeds (var. Inkath) were sown during the autumn season on 7/21/2019 and harvested on 11/20/2019 . The results showed that water consumption  of the sorghum was 754.3,629.0,609.7,706.3 and 694.3 mm.season ^-1 highest for full irrigation, prd irrigation in emergence , vegetative, the flowering  and seeds developmentstages respectively. I₃ S₂ treatment were highest,  0.94 kg m^-3 In comparison with anther all treatments  .Mean of full irrigation  were highest 1.43 m^-3 kg^-1 In comparison with anther all treatments.

Abstract:
A field experiment was conducted in the fields of the College of Agriculture, Tikrit University for the 2019-2020 agricultural season to compare of ground and leaf additives to iron and zinc chelated fertilizers in the growth and yield of potatoes in gypsum soil. The experiment was carried out using RCBD with three replications. The study included two types of chelated fertilizers (chelated iron and chelated zinc) and two methods of adding fertilizers (adding ground and adding foliar) (T1 and T2) respectively. And three levels of zinc (0, 0.5, and 1 kg Zn h^-1) (Z0, Z1, and Z2) respectively of Zn-DTPA and three levels of iron (0, 5 and 01 kg Fe h^-1) (F0, F1, and F2) respectively. Arrangement of Fertilizer (Fe-DTPA). The addition of iron led to a significant increase in the dry weight of the potato shoot, as the percentage of increase compared to the control treatment was 37.79 and 25.22%, respectively, at the F1 and F2 levels, respectively. As for the fertilization method, the foliar addition T2 significantly exceeded, with a percentage increase of 10.96% compared to the ground addition, the addition of zinc gave an increase of (9.88 and 16.68)% for the levels Z1 and Z2 compared to the treatment Z0, which amounted to (48.97 gm Plant^-1). The highest rate was 68.93 (gm Plant^-1), while the treatments T1F0Z0 and T1F0Z0 gave the lowest rates of 37.96 and 38.14 (gm-1), respectively. The addition of iron gave a significant increase in all growth, aggregate and marketable characteristics, as it gave a total yield of tubers of (20.909, 27.512, 32.524 ton h^-1) for F0, F1 and F2 levels, respectively, with a significant increase of 31.57 and 43.68%, respectively, compared to Unauthorized transaction. The foliar addition of iron gave a significant increase in the total yield of the tubers amounting to 15.10% compared to the ground addition of iron and zinc. The addition of zinc gave a significant increase in the total tuber yield of 25.82 and 43.68% for the treatments Z1 and Z2 respectively compared to the non fertilized treatment which gave a yield of (21.906 ton. h^-1), the interaction between the foliar addition T2, the level of iron F2 and the level of zinc Z2 gave the highest rate (39,512 ton. h^-1), while the treatments T1F0Z0 and T2F0Z0 gave the lowest rate of (15.009 and 15.033 ton. h^-1(.

The preservative agriculture principle practice (crop rotation)  was conducted under effect of different tillage systems to assess  their effect on stability of the soil aggregates, moisture content and organic carbon fractions, ie. particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral associted organic carbon (MOC) in  a gypsiferous soil. Clover and Corn were planted in spring season (2018-2019)., under effect of  no tillage system (NT), reduced tillage (RT), and conventional tillage (CT) , keeping on levels (0% , 50% and 100%) for their residues after ex harvesting. In autumn season corn was planted in the same site of spring season, under the same effect of studied factors in the first experiment, besides  factor of previous crop residues. Soil samples were taken after harvest to study effect of these factors on aggregate stability. Results showed the superiority of  NT system significantly on CT system at a percent up to 8.4 % and not significantly superior  over RT system. No tillage was significantly superior on RT in moisture content by a percentage up to 22.8 % and 25.2 % over CT. An  increase in organic matter contant was noticed for NT and RT systems over CT by a percent  up to 6.5% . NO- tillage system was significantly superior over RT and CT, their values reached 0.163 % , 0.155  and 0.149 % ,  respectively in POC content, while for MOC the values were 0.196 %,  0.192%  and 0.180 %, respectively, because of the positive relationship between organic matter content  and organic carbon in soil. Legume crop (clver) residues was significantly superior over spring corn with a value 1.483 mm in aggregate stability and with a value 14.38 % in moisture content, and 12.86 gm kg^-1 soil  in organic matter content, and 0.162 % in POC, and 0.195 % in MOC compared  to the effect of corn spring residues which reached ( 1.357mm, 12.03%, 12.11g kg^-1 soil, 0.150% and 0.183%), respectively for the  parameters.. By increasing level of residues from 0% to 100% values of the studied parameters increased significantly,  aggregate stability from 1.372 to 1.468 mm, mositure content from 11.54 to 14.81% ,  POC from 0.148 to 0.163% , MOC from 0.183 to 0.194 % , organic matter content from 12.20 to 12.77 gm kg^-1 soil. Triple interaction treatment NT.C.C₂ Re100% was significantly superior over other treatments with values reached 17.34% ,  13.46 g kg^-1 soil ,  0.185% , 0.208% for moisture content, organic matter content, POC, and MOC, respectively;  except for aggregate stability where there was no significant difference between  RT.C.C₂ Re100% (1.560 mm) and NT.C.C₂ Re100% (1.553 mm).

A field experiment was conducted in the fields of the Faculty of Agriculture, Tikrit University for the 2019-2020 agricultural season to study the effect of plant spacings and the level of nitrogen and boron fertilization on growth and yield of broccoli in a gypsiferous soil. The study included three factors, the first factor, plant spacings included four distances (35, 45, 55, and 65 cm) (D1, D2, D3, and D4), respectively. The second factor, the level of nitrogen application, included two levels of nitrogen, which are 70 and 140 (kg N ha-1) (N1 and N2), respectively in the form of urea fertilizer (46% N). The third factor was the level of boron application and it included two levels of boron, which are (without boron addition and 6 kg B. ha-1) (B0 and B1), respectively, in the form of boric acid (17% B). Results showed that nitrogen level N2 gave a clear significant increase compared to the N1 level, as the nitrogen concentration in the vegetative part and the blossom disc in the second level N2 reached (2.79 and 3.02%), respectively, while in the first level N1 it reached (2.53 and 2.53%). The concentration of sulfur in the shoot and the floral heads for the second nitrogen level reached (0.501 and 0.389%), respectively, with a significant increase compared to the first level N1, which gave an average of (0.464 and 0.368%), respectively, and the concentration of boron in the shoot and the floral heads for the second nitrogen level N2 (19.15 and 36.95 mg B; kg-1), respectively and was superior with significant increase compared with  the first level N1, which gave an average of (17.58 and 33.61 mg B kg-1), respectively. Application  of boron fertilizer at a rate of (6 kg B. ha-1) resulted in a significant increase in the content of leaves and floral heads of boron, reaching 22.40 and 38.41 mg kg-1), while the control treatment gave a rate of (14.32 and 32.14 mg kg-1). ) Respectively. Following the distance 65 cm between broccoli plants (D4) led to a significant increase in the concentration of nitrogen, boron, and sulfur in the leaves and the floral heads. The triple interaction between nitrogen (N) and plant spacings (D) and boron (B)  (treatment D4N2B1) gave the highest value for nitrogen, boron, and sulfur concentrations in leaves and the floral heads.

This current study included specification (Glutathione ,Superoxide dismutase,Vitamin E and Vitamin C )levels as antioxidants and to estimate lipid profile level in elderly women, also level of malondialdehyde was measured as indicator of oxidative stress
 Study was done on(70) specimens of blood from women,their ages ranges (45-88 year ) healthy women and(43) speciemens of women their ages ranges(18-30 year) as control .These results showed significant decrease in blood levels of glutathione GSH,uric acid U.A,vitamin E of elderly women ,while there was significant increase in (MDA) , cholesterol, triglyceride low density lipoprotein ,very low density lipoprotein and significant decrease in high density lipoprotein level compared to control group.
Concluded from study ,that increased in lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant level have an important indicator of oxidantive stress which increases with age .
 
 
 

Abstract In this paper, a doped 3C-SiC with two dopant materials, Al and Cr to obtain p and n type semiconductors respectively, was used to as a basic component in the solar cell structure used in the current study. The present study examined the impact of the main environmental conditions (temperature and light) on the PIN 3C-SiC solar cell. Simulation was accomplished for different levels of illumination from (250 to 1200) W.m-2 and temperature from (300 to 400) k. SCAPS simulation software is used to evaluate the influence of temperature and light intensity, which directly affect the electrical properties of the cell. The results revealed that illumination has a great impact on the current of the circuit, where the current of the short circuit JSC increases linearly with increasing the level of intensity. On the other hand, it was proved that the temperature has a sever influence on the voltage of the cell. The voltage of the open circuit VOC considerably decreases due to the decrement in current of saturation that reduces directly with an increase in temperature.

Nursery rhymes are simple poetry written in nature, in a particular language that children can understand and enjoy. The present study investigates nursery rhymes in English from a discoursal point of view. The study aims at making a discoursal analysis of nursery rhymes in English through examining their thematic, schematic and linguistic features. To achieve these aims, the study hypothesizes that 1) English shows various discourse principles in their composition of nursery rhymes. 2)English nursery rhymes have macrostructural, superstructural and microstructural organization. To attain the data relevant to the topic of the study, five English nursery rhymes have been selected to be investigated. Data analysis is conducted on the basis of Van Dijk's socio-cognitive approach of discourse analysis. The study has revealed the following main findings. First, English nursery rhymes vary in their themes. They concentrate on social and emotional issues. Second, at the microstructural level, English nursery rhymes show differences in their semantic, syntactic, stylistic and rhetorical features. Such differences are represented either in the type of the used discoursal elements or in the frequency of their occurrence.