College Of Basic Education Research Journal

The research aims at  investigating the influence of using learning strategy based on brain on the achievement of fifth class primary school in science subject and developing their pivotal thinking skills. Experimental design with pre-post test was used. The sample consisted of (57) pupils from two primary school in Mosul city. Achievement test consisted of (26) items was used . also the researches prepared special test to measure pupils  the pivotal thinking skills consisted of (19) items. By using suitable statistical procedures the results revealed that there is a significance difference between the experimental group who taught by brain strategy and control group who taught by conventional method in science achievement and pivotal thinking skills with the favor of experimental group. Some suggestions and recommendations were produced  at the end of the research.

The current research aimed to identify the behavioral aspects practiced by students of the College of Education for Humanities during the period of home quarantine and to identify the differences in the level of behavioral manifestations according to the gender variable (male-female), the department variable (history, psychology), and the stage variable (second stage, fourth stage) The basic research sample consisted of (200) male and female students who were randomly selected from academic stages of College of Education for Humanities, with (115) males from Department of History and Psychology and (85) females from Department of History and Psychology, and (107) From the second stage students (93) from the fourth stage students and to achieve the goals of the research, the researcher built a behavioral scale, and apparent honesty of the tool was verified by presenting it to a group of arbitrators and professors specialized in field of study as it has verified stability, with the Alpha Crow Nebach equation. where the value of persistence was using the Alpha Crow Nebach equation (83), the researcher used the appropriate statistical means for her research such as Pearson correlation coefficient, T-test for one sample, T-test for two independent samples, and T-test for the significance of correlation coefficient. Results showed that there was no significant difference in the level of behavioral manifestations according to gender variable (male, female) and for benefit of females, and there is no significant difference according to variable of stage (second, fourth), and in favor of second stage students.

This study aimed to get to know the reality of national values in Islamic education and social books for the preparatory stage in light of contemporary challenges. The researcher designed a tool for national values distributed on three values, which are political, social and economic values. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach, and the study community and its sample consisted of books Islamic education and social studies for the preparatory stage for the fourth, fifth and sixth literary grades. The results of the research showed that the national economic values got first, where they were repeated (68), with a percentage of (46.57%), then came the second national political values, where their frequency reached the total of books (30), and their inclusion rate reached (20.54%)Then the third national social values came, where their frequency reached (18), and their inclusion rate reached (12.32%), in light of the research results. The researcher recommends paying attention to the national values that were not available appropriately, and taking advantage of the national values mentioned in the research tool by and book authors. School
Key words: National Values, Social Sciences and Islamic Educational Curricula, the Contemporary Challenges.

The study aimed to identify the role of kindergarten teachers in developing creative thinking among kindergarten children in Iraq from the teachers' viewpoint in the light of the available classroom environment. The study sample consisted of (95) teachers, within the Nineveh Education Directorate in Iraq, and to apply the study the researchers prepared a tool The study represented by a questionnaire in the skills of creative thinking distributed in five fields which consisted in its final form of (35) paragraphs. The results showed that the classroom environment and its relationship to the role of kindergarten teachers in developing creative thinking among kindergarten children was average, as both fluency and detail came first with an arithmetic average of (3.12), while the sensitivity of the problems came in the last rank with an arithmetic average of (3.00) The mathematical average for creative thinking as a whole was (3.06), and there were differences in the educational qualification in favor of postgraduate studies, and there were differences in teaching experience in favor of ((10 and more).

We chose this research to study poetic rhythms which have gusher music from one side, and it stand on main and branch title related with the poetic text strongly from another side, the branch titles are same to the (spider's houses) from the image prospective which spread its lines with the main title in divan of (A Bridge on the Ash Valley) which lead to strong join and interlink with the poetic text.
The title is such a head with the  body, and what existence in the text from chain from the textual elements like inception, text, and conclusion.
These elements listed under title the modern poetic poem which aimed to separate the modern poetry which stand on the non separating textual unity when it is grow and interact with the poetic text.

Abstract
This research is a study of the demonstration of the deletion in the prophetic tradition in the three parsing books of the prophet tradition.
*(Eiraab Al_Hadeeth Al_Nabawi), By Abi Al_Bakaa Abdullah Ibn Al_hussein Al_Uqburi.
*(Shawaaid Al_Tawdheeeh Wa Al_Tasheeh Limushkilat Al_Jaami Al_Saheeh), By Mohamed Ibn Malik(whom died in 672 A.H).
*(Ukood Az_Zabarjad Ala Musnad Al_Imam Ahmed), By Jalaal As_Deen As_Siyooty.
The research treated with (55) prophetic text in which seven types of the deletion.

The research tried to gather an grammatical matter in the prophetic traditions to be easy for searching, analysing and counting. As result of the most deleted preposition in the parsing books of the prophetic traditions is (Al_baa), after that (Fi and Laam Al_Taaliel),then (Min),then (Ala and Ila),then(An) and the prophetic expression varied accordingly to deleted prepositions to which : ( what was only deleted a preposition)and( what was deleted a preposition and a word after a preposition)and(what was deleted is a preposition with coming an parsed noun after it)and(what was deleted a preposition in an active voice sentence)and(what was deleted a preposition in a passive voice sentence)and(what was only deleted a preposition with permanence its work)and(what was deleted a preposition with the verb).the research highlighted the possibility prophetic texts with the grammatical various estimats , also exposed the grammatical effort in the parsing books of the prophetic tradition, as it pointed the grammatical effort of the prophetic traditions explainers

Literature is one of the means that a person uses to express what he has in mind, including thoughts, feelings, and a spiritual space that he uses in search of experiences that mimic his life experiences. In Arab literature there are elements and components that underpin and in its entirety this art, and the novel is formed from the arts that contain many elements without which the novel loses its value and its ability to communicate ideas.
The novel (Candies of Burgess) by Salem Salih Sultan is one of the conductive narratives that abounds in many coherent artistic aspects, including (description, dialogue, and personality), and this has made it a wide field for interesting and accurate research.
The writer has made the city of (Mosul) a place for the events of his novel, and made the war that Iraq witnessed after the year (2003) a time for the conduct of these events. The various elements of the novel, especially the characters, were mostly simple socially and culturally.
 

Location in the Quranic Narratives plays a great role. The must be a container embracing its events and depicting its characters As such  location affects the other elements and is affected by them. Location is clearly distinguished in the Qurnanic narratives, since it demonstrates - the events and introduces the details of the present life and the Hereafter. indeed is loaded with various patterns. the present sutdy investigates location in the Quranic narratives- the narrative of people of Al-Kahf, the narrative of the one owning two gardens. The narrative  the prophet Moses with the pious man, the narrative  of the two-horend man as a model for analyzing the locational patterns and showing its artistic dimensions and deducing its semantic implication. The study consists of an introduction and two sections.
The introduction defines location in the Quranic narratives. The first section is an analysis of the (natural location) in terms of the (ground location) the cave, the river, the sea and the confluence of the two seas, in addition to the saddaf, and the (artificial location): the heaven, the sun, the rising of the sun and the Sunset. the Section is devoted to the (industrial location) in terms of the village, the dam, and the (Private location): the two gandens, the ship and the wall.

Verbal analogy in the Holy Quran is of the Quranic subjects that have been paid considerable interest by those studying the Book of Allah, and they authored many books in the present and past, scholars have afforded arguments serving Allah’s Holy Book. This research entitled (Rhetoric of Shifting from One Preposition to another in Verbal Analogy in the Holy Quran) is on the same vein of our scholars, however, this study is distinguished in that it is not based on abolishing or simulating what has been stated by ancient scholars and innovators, rather it is a study based on analysis, studying, understanding, balancing and induction to form a brilliant shape that harmonizes with the aesthetic, critical and linguistic criteria built on active originality. What distinguishes this study is its trial to uncover how interpreters tackled the texts of verbal analogy and the reason that stirred them to select this saying rather than the other. The purpose behind this research is not to introduce a rhetorical interpretation or analysis to all what rhetoric concerning this subject, rather to set a general framework of how to analyse rhetorically in the light of the context of situation.
 

Today, the international community is increasingly interested in supporting efforts in all levels to enhance communication and dialogue between civilizations of different cultures, and peaceful coexistence between peoples, out of keenness to build a new world prevailing in the values ​​of tolerance based on mutual respect, and on a basis and approach that organizes these international relations, It is represented by the principles of right, justice, equality and mutual respect. Therefore, civilizational communication between countries has become of the utmost importance for all, especially in this critical stage that is not without intellectual, cultural, economic, political and strategic conflicts, and humankind is floundering in it because of the problems, crises and tensions that exist today and threaten peace and security in the world, until the need for dialogue has become a requirement It is necessary to pave the way for communication, to establish and support the approach of rapprochement and acquaintance between different civilizations and to contribute to research to find a civilized framework that is based on the elements of strength drawn from the summary of the ancient civilizational experiences of all humankind. Hence the importance of civilized communication between countries as an important element in establishing and supporting world peace through a vision of a global strategy that believes in the dialogue of civilizations and their communication at all levels, as it is a strategic choice that leads to stability and the establishment of strong and firm foundations for human acquaintance in our contemporary world.
As economic communication is one of the important means of civilized communication - which is the basis for building human understanding between peoples - this topic was chosen to highlight the civilizational vision in the Holy Qur’an for communication between nations as a concept that enhances modern concepts related to peaceful coexistence between peoples, which must be based on Solid of shared human values, because economic communication between different countries through foreign trade can be reflected in communication in other aspects of civilization for those countries, which is the most important cultural, scientific and social aspect, thus strengthening the social ties between those countries and their peoples, and the dialogue is achieved And acquaintance without canceling each other, which will inevitably lead to achieving social, peaceful and nutritional security for these countries.

In al Qamar Sura Allah says  Doomsday got closer and the moon split   This verse reveals agreat miracle by Allah when   the disbelievers in Quraish Challenged the prophet Mohammed if  he could split the moon into twe parts so that  they would believe that he was really a messenger sent by  Allah .the Almighty God awarded  his prophet  this miracle at the ninth year A.H.The moon split into two parts but the disbelievers insisted to disbelieve the prophet this incidence exists also in the prophet tvadition and many people witnessed that great event in their countries . Recently, when  Scientists travelled in spaceships to the moon , they noticed the proof  of the moon split and declared  that the moon split into two parts many  years ago . this is agreat miracls by the prophet Mohammed and it requires attention and importance.

Many of the Islamic nation religious men collected forty of the prophet speeches (hadeeth) in a particular area of sharia, they included fiqh, jurisprudence, doctrines, behavioral, or preaching these, no doubt, useful for the nation in matters of religion and daily life. They were learned by heart by religious men and students alike.
One of these is the present manuscript. Imam Zeki  Al-Deen Al-Munthiri (656.H) has chosen forty hadeeths included in the book. He collected the hadeeths in the section of "people provision needs and help of the needed people", solving their problems, right shafa'a (mediation) forbidding injustice and called it (Kitab Al-Arbaeen fi Istna Al-Maroof wa qada Hawaij Al-Malhufeen) ( The book of forty in making gratefulness for muslims, and provision of needed and troubled people).
Throughout the study, it was obvious that some of these sayings were right, some were weak and others were false.
The investigation proved the following:
1- Extracting the Ayas (verses) mentioning the sura and aya number.
2- Extracting the hadeeths and rendering them to their origin.
3- biography of narrators to the year of mentioning of hadeeths, and showing  their reputation according to the authorities.
4-  historical courses and evidence were collected.
5- mentioning the saying of religious men in their hadeeths whether correct or  weak.
6- showed the strange vocabulary in the book of (the strange in hadeeth and language).
7-comment is arranged according to the death of hadeeth narrators.

The study and investigation of the manuscript titled "Al-Nibras in Explanation of Methods for Wiping the Head in Ablution", by Imam Muhammad Abd al-Haq al-Ilah Abadi al-Hanafi (D.: 1333 AH), aims to learn the correct method of performing an act of worship closely related to the daily life of a Muslim. Wiping the head in Ablution is a devotional matter that must be applied. Because it is related to performing the most important act of worship, which is the division of faith, which is ablution. Just as wiping the head is an obligation, so is how wiping is an obligation. Where the author divided his research into an introduction and three chapters, and a conclusion, which included important topics in explaining the meaning of the survey, how it is done, and the aspects contained therein, inferred by the hadiths of the Prophet and the impact of the Companions - and guided by the sayings of the jurists, may God Almighty have mercy on them.
We divided the research into two parts: the first in the study, and the second in the investigation. The first section included two topics, the first: in the study of the author’s life, and included his name, lineage, fame, birth and upbringing, his request for knowledge, his elders, his writings, and his death. As for the second: in studying the manuscript, and it included: the correctness of the manuscript's title, description, author's approach to presenting the manuscript material, and the method of investigation.
As for the second section, it included samples from the two copies of the manuscript, and the verification of the text of the manuscript, then we finished the study and investigation sections with a conclusion in which we explained the most important results of the research.

The research seeks to shed light on the role of Sultan Ghayath Al-Din Taghloq in the establishment of the Taghqiya State (720-725 AH / 1321-1325 AD), and he is one of the great Muslim sultans who ruled the Indian subcontinent. He brought back to Islam its dignity  independence, and formed a regular army at the western borders in order to secure his country from  out dangers, as well as his role in providing means of prosperity for his people.
The research is based on a number of sources and references related to the history of Islamic India, as well as the introduction and conclusion.

This research tackles the main reasons and factors behind the insurrection in Darfur since the very beginning of the third millennium, In this study, we shed light on analyzing all the events passed by the region during accumulative period of time for about fifty years in which procedures have been developed. The importance of the study is due to the fact that it can be regarded as a new one dealing with the reasons of insurrection in an analytical detailed way. To add, it has  discussed the state of things of this region from the very beginning and till the outbreak of insurrection in February, 2003, The study is made up of an introduction and three sections. The first section involves the introducing information about Darfur like its geographical location and its various ethnicities. However, the second section comprises an analytical study of the interior reasons behind insurrection. Finally, the third section is about the exterior reasons participating in the outbreak of insurrection in Darfur. The research has been ended by the most important notes concluded in the study.

The issue of women is one of the issues that writers, thinkers, and reformers have been interested in for many years, because women play a great role in many social, educational and political issues of concern to society in general, for they are the mothers, wives , daughters and sisters, and therefore the divine laws, especially the Islamic religion, recommended the respect the rights and duties  her respect for her and her rights and duties, and from this standpoint our study on women came about in the reforms of Mustafa Kemal and Reza Shah during an important stage that the two countries witnessed, by clarifying their social policy and their attempt to change the reality of Turkish and Iranian women to stop a general policy that the two pursued to Westernize the reality of the two societies, especially with regard to the reality of women From the veil and the indignant reaction it provoked and the change of marriage and divorce laws, as well as education and the related establishment of women's centers and institutions.
 

 
Studies on social and political history are of clear importance in human disciplines, especially since the spotlight has not been fully shed on them in our academic studies, with the importance of those aspects in the history of Turkey and Iran in particular and the history of other countries in general. The study of social and political aspects formed a picture of an independent Turkey and Iran  during a sensitive stage in the history of the two countries, and due to their importance, Mustafa Kemal and Reza Shah realized the importance of these aspects, which made them pay great attention to them to reform them. a legislations to limit the influence of this institution.

The Arab issues were the focus of attention of  Beirut’s deputies from a regional impact on the Arab countries, especially the Palestinian issue and the Egyptian issue, as they devoted their efforts from 1943 to 1958 to follow up on Arab issues and put pressure on the Lebanese government as a legislative authority to demand the establishment of a national home for the Jews in Palestine, Emphasizing the right of the Palestinian people to their land, not to mention their standing in the face of the challenges facing the Arab region, foremost of which is the Egyptian issue represented by the Suez Crisis and the tripartite aggression against Egypt, as, and the importance of research lies in the fact that the Arab region has witnessed changes that have affected the Arab region, including Lebanon, and from this point of view. The focus was on Beirut MPs and shed light on their discussions in the Lebanese Parliament regarding the Palestinian and Egyptian issues.

This research deals with the study of the ruling regimes in Sudan since its independence (1956 – 1989 A.D.). This study also sheds light on the most important political developments  during this period of time and participated in changing the circumstances in Sudan interiorly and exteriorly. To add, it illustrates the scope of importance of these events which assisted in changing the regime during this period of time.
The study aims at highlighting the circumstances that led to changing the ruling regimes successively during this period, in addition to establishing political parties which were the reason behind changing the regime via their disputes for six times during thirty three years. It is to be noted the this period of time witnessed only ten years of democratic rule  in Sudan. The study is made up of an introduction and six sections in which in information has been provided  about the geographical location of Sudan in addition to its successive ruling regimes. The research has been ended by remarkable notes concluded by this study

تکمن أهمیة البحث فی دراسة تجربة الجمهوریة العربیة المتحدة بین مصر وسوریا 1958 وموقف لبنان الشعبی والرسمی منها لا سیما وأنها أول تجربة وحدویة معاصرة جاءت استجابة للمطلب الجماهیری العربی الذین کان یرى فی تحقیق هذه الوحدة للتخلص من واقع التخلف والبؤس الذی یعانی منه الشعب العربی وکذلک التخلص من التبعیة الاستعماریة.
قسم البحث على أربعة محاور ، خصص المحور الأول لمقدمات قیام الجمهوریة العربیة المتحدة والتی تمثلت بعقد عدد من الاتفاقیات العسکریة والتجاریة والاقتصادیة بین مصر وسوریا فی المدة ما بین عامی 1955 ـــ 1957 ، اما المحور الثانی فقد تناول متابعة مفاوضات الوحدة بین مصر وسوریا والتی بدأت بین الطرفین فی المدة ما بین 11 ـــ 27 کانون الثانی / ینایر 1958 والتی تم فیها مناقشة الخطوط العریضة لدولة الوحدة ، بینما تناول المحور الثالث إعلان قیام الوحدة فی الأول من شباط / فبرایر 1958 والتی سمیت بـ (الجمهوریة العربیة المتحدة) ، أما المحور الرابع فقد بحث فی موقف لبنان الشعبی والرسمی من قیام الوحدة ، إذ تناول أولاً الموقف الشعبی المؤید لمشروع الوحدة والذی تمثل بالأحزاب السیاسیة وکذلک الموقف الجماهیری الذی تجسد بإقامة الاحتفالات والمهرجانات فی مختلف انحاء لبنان ابتهاجاً بالوحدة ، وکذلک إرسال الوفود الشعبیة التی مثلت جمیع المدن اللبنانیة إلى سوریا للتعبیر عن تأییدها للوحدة ، کما شمل المحور تناول الموقف الرسمی اللبنانی من قیام الوحدة والذی تناول موقف رئاسة الجمهوریة والحکومة اللبنانیة ومجلس النواب اللبنانی.

The end of 50s and the beginning of 60s are regarded  as a changing point in economic and social aspects in Libya . Its economy turned from still into rapidly developed economy due to discovery and export of oil in 1961 , the dominance of oil sector over economy was greatl . The Libyan economy witnessed rapid growth during the 70s of the last century . Libya became one of the richest states specially after the coup made by a group of Libyan officers on 1^st of September 1969 against monarchy and declaring republic and liberating the Libyan economy from  foreign dependency and transforming it into a productive national economy  . Therefore, the property of the Italians who colonized Libya throughout the previous six decades of the twentieth century was nationalized, and this was a major  step in the field of liberalizing the Libyan economy, as well as the nationalization of oil, banking and agricultural companies.
The political developments in Libya During Republic Era 1969-   1977 were accompanied by major developments in political, economic and social fields; therefor, the study comes by extrapolating and analyzing these developments and its implications on the economic aspects, especially in the agricultural, industrial and trade sectors.

The importance of the research appears through the absence of legal regulation for it in Iraq at a time when it was covered by the legislation of other countries, and for the spread of these sales, we chose this topic to clarify the concept of this contract, its legal adaptation, its legality, and the obligations it imposes on its parties. It turns out that it is an independent contract of a special nature that provides protection for the buyer by providing him with adequate guarantees on the one hand and serves the interest of the seller on the other side, who may not be able to fully finance his project from his own funds, so he resorted through this technology to offer these projects for sale before completion and thus benefit from their price To start building or completing it. It has also been shown that the formalism in this contract is of a special nature, as the ownership is transferred to the buyer under construction in this capacity when the contract is initially registered and he has the right to dispose of the property all kinds of actions, provided that the same formality is met for the validity of these actions.

The current research aims to study the biological diversity in the mountainous environment of north and north-eastern Iraq and to discover the geographical factors affecting this diversity in terms of natural factors, climate, terrain, water resources and human factors from population growth, road construction, overfishing, shrinking pastures and military operations, and the change experienced by living things in The study area during the past decades, as animals, wild birds and even vegetation were subjected to declining numbers and shrinking the area of ​​their natural habitats, which was reflected in the deterioration of the natural heritage of the study area, and therefore large groups of them were exposed to the risk of extinction, and in order to determine the current reality of the biological diversity of the mountain region, In this study, research, references, and reports of international and local organizations from the Iraqi Ministry of Environment, the United Nations Environment Program, the Nature Organization of Iraq, and publications of the Iraqi Natural History Museum were , which included recent explorations of the neighborhoods of the region along with some field visits for the year 2018 AD, and the use of geographical information systems (GIS) programs then come up with some results that serve the search.The study revealed the existence of a rich diversity of plant and animal organisms, forest ecosystems and an ecosystem of natural caves in the mountain environment, and the existence of a relationship and impact between climate and surface manifestations on the diversity and distribution of wildlife, in addition to the multiple human factors that have affected the numbers and types of these organisms, The bottom line is that the mountainous region possesses physiographic features from a geographical location, diverse terrain, a favorable climate, and a rational government, all of which qualifies it to become safe havens for biological diversity and the genetic banks of living organisms if the best use of these resource constituents is provided.

The rates of large population increase in the city of Mosul in particular, and the urban expansion accompanying this increase have led to great pressure on educational services and thus these services cannot meet the needs of the growing population, as a result of the absence of prior planning to contain any possible increase in the population, and this necessitates the intervention of planners. And decision-makers and development officials to take measures to achieve all the services that the citizen aspires to in terms of fair distribution and choose the appropriate location to provide services with high efficiency. Hence the importance of this study, which aims to analyze and diagnose the reality of secondary schools in the city of Mosul and to reveal the characteristics of their spatial distribution, and their efficiency in providing the necessary service to the population at the level of residential neighborhoods in the city.
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The preparation of the geographical map for the distribution of educational services in particular requires reconsidering the criteria for their planning distributions, in terms of drawing their current image and preparing its future image, through the sufficiency of the number of educational institutions for the growing population, and preparatory schools are the second stage of secondary education. It corresponds to the population’s need to obtain it on the one hand and the requirements of that need of preparing schools that accommodate the optimum number of students without a surplus of it that constitutes a deficit in its performance in the city of Mosul. The technology of geographic information systems represented by (ARC GIS Ver.9.3) program was used in preparing maps and conducting applications related to the subject of the study.

The research dealt with the study and analysis of the economic importance of pipelines transporting oil in the countries of the Arab Mashreq through quantitative statistical methods in studying the productive efficiency of the network and its relationship with other economic foundations, and the study showed different power relations between the pipelines network and the economic foundations and the most influential pillars on the lengths of the pipeline network are The number of lines whose correlation was about 0.905, oil export with pipelines with a correlation rate of about 0.857, and the total oil financial return with a correlation degree of about 0.836, and the study made several proposals, the most important of which is the reactivation of oil pipelines that have stopped working in the region, such as Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Syria, and interest in building pipelines. It is proposed between the producing countries and the traffic countries in order to raise the level of economic cooperation between the countries of the Arab Mashreq region with the global environment.

The main aim from this studies to limit runoff for valleys of Al-tharthar basins and routing the flood wave in reservoir suggested ,and limit the amount of outflow change from reservoir and the time of delay flood wave (lag time ) and the relation between the volume of in and out flow from the reservoir in addition for temporary storage , which help to limit the dimension of spillway; where the out flood wave function to height of water above of crest of spillway and the surface area of reservoir. the amount of temporary storage for reservoir represent the difference between the in and outflow, while the increase of inflow with the time increase the raising of level of reservoir and increase the surface area for it. And the outflow from the spillway let to decrease of peak flow out from inflow and delay flood wave time to take enough time to avoid the flood side affections.
In through use tow programs in computer, show the delay time between (300 – 900) min. for studying reservoirs and reducing ratio of peak flow out from (71% - 91%) for reservoir (8) and (1) respectively, which use to reducing the dimension of spillway and limit the height of the dams and the level of top crest of spillways.

The research aims to:
Identify the effect of the training method on learning some basketball skills for intermidiate school girls
The researchers assumed:
That there statistically significant differences between the training method and the method used by the teacher in learning some basketball skills in favor of the training method. The researchers used the experimental method for its suitability and the nature of the research, and the research sample included (50) pupils , and by (25) students for the experimental group that studied according to the training method and (25) students for the control group who studied according to the method followed by the teacher. Equivalence was made between the two research groups in a number of variables of age, height, mass, and some elements of physical fitness and movement .An educational program was developed for a period of three weeks for each skill and by one educational unit per week for the two research groups. The experimental group used the training method and the control group that used the method used by the teacher and the time of each educational unit (40) minutes.
The researchers used the following statistical methods:
Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, T. test for linked and unlinked samples and data were processed using spss software.
In light of the research results, the researchers reached the following        conclusions:
The results showed the superiority of the experimental group that used the training method over the control group that used the method used by the school in learning some basketball skills.
As for the recommendations, they were as follows:
1- Emphasis on the use of the training method for its effectiveness in the process of learning chest handling, patting, and front correction with basketball in learning some basketball skills.
2- Using the training method in other subjects.
 

Abstract:
The research aims to:
• Learn about the degree of morale among physical education teachers in the Nineveh Governorate Center.
• Identify the differences in the degree of morale between male and female teachers.
The researchers hypothesized:
• Physical education teachers have a positive degree in morale.
•There are no significant differences in the degree of morale between male and female teachers.
The researchers used the descriptive approach, and the research was conducted on physical education teachers at the Nineveh Governorate Center for the academic year (2019-2020).
The researchers used arithmetic mean, standard deviation, median, mode, hypothetical mean, torsion equation, T-test for two independent samples, Pearson correlation coefficient, Fakronbach coefficient, T-test for one sample.
The researchers concluded:
Physical education teachers in Nineveh Governorate have low morale.
- There are differences in the degree of morale between male and female teachers and in favor of male teachers.
The researchers recommended:
- Attention to the morale of physical education teachers by specialists in order to improve the educational, educational and athletic level in Nineveh Governorate by increasing the material and moral incentives for them.
- Conducting other studies to identify the reasons and underlying motives behind the low level of morale among physical education teachers in Nineveh Governorate.
Carrying out studies on the level of morale of teachers of other subjects.

Research Summary

The research problem was represented in the absence of a measure of self-confidence for students of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, and thus standing on the level of this psychological skill of students.
The study aimed to:
1- Building a measure of self-confidence for first-stage students of the physical education and sports sciences departments in the Faculties of Basic Education.
2- Identifying the level of self-confidence of first-stage students of the physical education and sports sciences departments in the Faculties of Basic Education.
The researcher used the descriptive approach for its suitability and the nature of the research, and the research sample was identified for students of the first stage in the departments of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / Faculties of Basic Education in the universities of Mosul, Diyala and Al-Mustansiriya, whose number is (120) students.
The researchers concluded the following:
1- The effectiveness of the self-confidence scale that the researchers built on the first stage students / Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / Faculties of Basic Education / Mosul, Diyala and Al-Mustansiriya Universities.
2- The high level of self-confidence of students of physical education and sports sciences departments / colleges of basic education / universities of Mosul, Diyala Al-Mustansiriya.
3- There are no significant differences in the self-confidence variable between students of the departments of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / Faculties of Basic Education / Universities of Mosul, Diyala and Al-Mustansiriya

The importance of the current research lies in identifying the percentage of the contribution of physiological fitness components in the basic skills of futsal players to applicants.
The research problem arises in answering the following question:
Does physiological fitness and its specific elements contribute to some basic skills in gymnasiums for advanced players?
The current research aims to identify:
- Percentage of the contribution of physiological fitness components and their components in performing some basic skills of soccer players for advanced halls.
The researchers used the descriptive approach in both survey and correlational methods, due to their suitability and the nature of the current research.
The research sample consisted of club players (Police, North Gas, Nineveh) and (15) players from each club, where the number became (45) players from the total research community, and thus the percentage of the research sample reached (25%) of the total community of research, as it was done Selecting the research sample by the deliberate method to achieve the research objectives as they represent the central and northern regions.
The researchers concluded the following:
- The presence of a negative significant correlation between the test of bending the trunk forward and the skill of rolling football for halls.
- The presence of a negative significant correlation between the sitting test from the lying position until the exhaustion of effort and the skill of rolling with football for halls.
- The existence of a positive significant correlation between Carlson fatigue curve test and the skills of scoring, passing and putting down football for halls for the research sample.
The researchers recommend the following:
Emphasizing gymnasium soccer coaches, developing the qualities of flexibility, muscular endurance, aerobic prolongation, and the exercise of the circulatory and respiratory systems when training basic gymnasium skills.
             

- Finding out the indication of differences of achievement between pre and post-tests of both experimental and control groups.
- Finding out the indication of differences of achievement of post-tests of both experimental and control groups.
- Finding out the indication of differences of the impact of training strategy by performance modeling that uses tempo trainer pro between both experimental and control groups in the post-tests.
The researchers uses the experimental method since it suits the paper concept. The experiment was applied on a target of the Iraqi National Team advanced swimmers of 400 m freestyle swimming, (12) ones, so that the target is a collective one. Those 12 were classified into two groups of( 6) members each: experimental and control groups. The similarity of (height, weight, training and time ages) variables was done, in addition to the equivalence of (performance modeling, both Anaerobic and aerobic abilities and achievement) variables between both groups. Then, the experimental design was used by the researcher, which is entitled the equivalent groups of both pre and post-tests design, a matter that made the experimental group apply the experimental method of an independent variable (training strategy by performance modeling of critical swimming speed that uses tempo trainer pro) which is a training strategy the researcher put to achieve a good( 400) m freestyle swimming, getting the way of dividing the regular distance, grouping the level of training capacity to get the best performance of the critical swimming speed to go with Anaerobic threshold speed of each swimmer, decreasing the lost time during that competition, and other training and strategic goals. After that, the researcher interrelated with the Iraqi National Team method of( 400) m freestyle swimming during competition periods so as the experimental group could be applicable for him on his paper achieving days: four days a week and it lasted for six weeks. During that period, the experimental group had done( 24 ) training units that applied the independent variable. A number of scouting experiments were done before the application of the method on the paper target by the support of the assistant team, followed by a number of specialized tests on swimming from various and modern resources which had never been used and applied in our local and regional reality. Therefore, they had been grouped into our local reality through the achieving of the scientific factors. Furthermore, new statistical equations were used to achieve the tests: modeling and critical swimming speed ones. Also, relevant and independent T tests were used to get the experimental outcomes. An
imported system (Tempo trainer pro) was also used to help achieving the paper aims together with pulse measuring watch (polar type). The outcomes were furtherly discussed to help the researchers get the following concluding points:
- There is a prominent effect of the use of performance modeling in the evolution of the level of tactical performance strategy for swimmers of the experimental group, which caused its superiority over the control group in the achievement variable of freestyle swimming (400) meters.
- There is a positive effect of using the water rhythm counter (Tempo Trainer pro) in adjusting the speed parameters according to the appropriate stresses for the training and racing distances until the regularity of the speed and good estimate of the appropriate distance time during the effort of the experimental group swimmers as it was a reason for their superiority over the control group in the dependent search variables.
 

The paper aims at:
-      Finding out the indication of differences of aerobic abilities between pre and post-tests of both experimental and control groups.
-      Finding out the indication of differences of aerobic abilities of post-tests of both experimental and control groups.
The researchers uses the experimental method since it suits the paper concept. The experiment was applied on a target of the Iraqi National Team advanced swimmers of 400 m freestyle swimming, (12) ones, so that the target is a collective one. Those 12 were classified into two groups of( 6) members each: experimental and control groups. The similarity of (height, weight, training and time ages) variables was done, in addition to the equivalence of (performance modeling, both Anaerobic and aerobic abilities and achievement) variables between both groups. Then, the experimental design was used by the researcher, which is entitled the equivalent groups of both pre and post-tests design, a matter that made the experimental group apply the experimental method of an independent variable (training strategy by performance modeling of critical swimming speed that uses tempo trainer pro) which is a training strategy the researcher put to achieve a good( 400) m freestyle swimming, getting the way of dividing the regular distance, grouping the level of training capacity to get the best performance of the critical swimming speed to go with Anaerobic threshold speed of each swimmer, decreasing the lost time during that competition, and other training and strategic goals. After that, the researcher interrelated with the Iraqi National Team method of( 400) m freestyle swimming during competition periods so as the experimental group could be applicable for him on his paper achieving days: four days a week and it lasted for six weeks. During that period, the experimental group had done( 24 ) training units that applied the independent variable. A number of scouting experiments were done before the application of the method on the paper target by the support of the assistant team, followed by a number of specialized tests on swimming from various and modern resources which had never been used and applied in our local and regional reality. Therefore, they had been grouped into our local reality through the achieving of the scientific factors. Furthermore, new statistical equations were used to achieve the tests: modeling and critical swimming speed ones. Also, relevant and independent T tests were used to get the experimental outcomes. imported system (Tempo trainer pro) was also used to help achieving the paper aims together with pulse measuring watch (polar type). The outcomes were fatherly discussed to help the researchers get the following concluding points: There is a significant impact of adopting the critical swimming speed (CSS) as a criterion for codifying the training load in the curriculum prepared for the experimental group, which in turn contributed to the development of the level of work of energy production systems and the improvement of functional adaptations of the members of the experimental group and thus its superiority over its control counterpart in the anaerobic and air capacity variables.
             
 

In the past, athletes with disabilities competed in the Olympics before the Paralympic nations emerged. He was the first athlete to do so, the American player George Esser, who was able to win six medals, including three golds, in one day, despite using a wooden prosthesis as a left-footed man in the Summer Olympics. Hungarian Karoly Takax also participated in the shooting competitions in the 1948 and 1952 Summer Olympics and was able to score two golds using his left arm, even though his right arm was amputated.
Sport for people with special needs is considered one of the activities that seek to achieve raising the capabilities of the disabled individual and his ability to be then rehabilitated in order to integrate him into society to be a useful person for his community and his homeland. Positive in the sports field.
The shooting event is one of the activities practiced by people with special needs in a limited way due to the difficulty of providing tools, equipment and stadiums for that event due to the high prices. Also, the countries that are interested in this event must keep pace with the development of shooting weapons of all kinds (pneumatic and rapid) as well as all other shooting tools so that we can As workers in this field, keep pace with the development in order to achieve the best results, and through my knowledge as a worker in the field of sports for people with special needs and keen and follow-up from me to address some of the existing in the training curricula that do not take into account the individual differences between women and men when developing training curricula that are far from their use Due to the precise proportions of the degree of difference between women and men, because the numbers reached by the heroes and heroines of the world exceeded the official total number of divorces, we had to keep pace with this development and be among the refineries of developed countries.
Hence the question, what are the percentages of the degree of difference that our coaches must take into account when developing training curricula for women compared to men, according to the type of activity and the manner of performance.
The following goals can be identified:
- The level of achievement of women compared to men in firing competitions at fixed targets (air pistol, air rifle, three-position rifle).
The best achievements that women and men achieve in the various throwing events.
The results were discussed and appropriate conclusions and recommendations reached.
             

The researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey and relational style, and the research community included (224) athletes distributed among the sports clubs in some clubs in the city of Mosul. The applicants included (Fatwa, Bright Future, Nineveh workers, Iyad Sheet, and the municipality). The building sample included (157) players from The research community, representing (70%), and the application sample included (67) players from the research community, representing a percentage (30%). To achieve the research objectives, the two researchers built the psychological well-being scale according to the scientific foundations to build psychological measures and the scale consisted of (38) paragraphs distributed on Six axes.
The researchers concluded the following:
The effectiveness of the scale that was built to measure the degree of psychological well-being of the players of some advanced Mosul clubs.
-Players of team and individual games in some advanced Mosul clubs are distinguished by high psychological well-being.
The researchers recommended the following:
- Conducting future research to know the degree of psychological well-being among Olympic and non-Olympic Games athletes.
- The necessity for local officials and those concerned in the matter of sports to pay attention to developing the reality of sports clubs in the city of Mosul through material and moral support for the athletes segment and to provide psychological and physical treatment centers free of charge inside the city of Mosul to enhance the well-being of the players.

Research goal to:
• Identify the significance of the differences in the variables of pulmonary ventilation when moving from rest to an exercise of increasing intensity in children in conditions of moderate temperatures and hot.
• Identify the significance of the differences in the variables of pulmonary ventilation when moving from rest to an exercise with increasing intensity in children B between the moderate heat environment.

The two researchers used the descriptive approach for its suitability and the nature of the study. As for the research sample, it consisted of (10) children of (10-12) years old in the (Al-Jawadin) school for the academic year from Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, the final experiment was conducted in conditions of moderate temperature (22 ± 1 ° C) And elevated (30 ± 1 ° C) in complete rest and during the increased effort in the physiology laboratory at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Al-Qadisiyah.

The two researchers concluded:
• That the aerobic physical exertion of gradual intensity under the conditions of a moderate and high thermal environment would cause an increase in the transition between all exercise phases in the pulmonary ventilation variables.
• Exercising in an elevated thermal environment may affect and increase the pulmonary ventilation when moving from rest to the phase of aerobic stress, compared to the conditions of a moderate thermal environment.

The activated carbon has been consider one of most important materials in the industrial chemistry  especially after chemical and thermal modifications . In this work, an activated carbon has been prepared from dates stone via  using chemical and thermal activated approach. The study also investigated its chemical and physical properties. The activated carbon then was loaded with variety of molten salts that prepared and characterized previously. The resulted composites were  tested for  desulfurization purpose  from  preperied oil as “ model”, and, real diesel oil.  This model includes using of dibenzothiophene (DBT) as sulfur (S) as sulfur source with concentration of 1000 ppm. This model was used as blank vs real oil for comparison purposes. The investigation study was  carried out via ultraviolet equipment.

This study included calculating the stability constants and stoichiometries of some binary complexes formed from the interaction of seven of metal ions (Cr⁺³,Mn⁺²,Co⁺²,Ni⁺²,Cu⁺²,Zn⁺² and Cd⁺²) with Ciprofloxacin-HCl. This study was carried out using Potentiometric Titration Technique at different concentrations of the drug and the metal ion and at temperatures (288,298,310,318 and 328 K±0.1) in aqueous solution. Although, there are many methods available to study the stability of metal-ligand complexes, pH-metric is most frequently used to determine the stability constants. Hence, (Calvin - Bjerrum pH-metric titration technique) as adopted by Irving–Rossotti was used to calculate of stability constants. The results of the concentration effect study showed that the formation of complexes were more stable in dilute solutions, and through study of the temperature effect it was concluded that the stability of the complexes can be increased with raising temperature, and the stability constants value obtained were used in the calculation of thermodynamic parameters . The results of this study also showed that the ciprofloxacin tends to form two types of metal complexes in the solution (ML₁),(ML₂) and this indicates that the reaction ratio between the drug and the metal ion was (1:1) and (1:2)(M:L) respectively for all metal ions. These ratios  depended on the nature of the ligand or the metal ion, and the stability of the complexes formed increases according to the following arrangement (Mn^{+ 2}< Co^{+ 2}< Ni^{+ 2}< Cu^{+ 2}> Zn^{+ 2}) and this arrangement is compatible with Irving Williams’s arrangement for the stability of the elements.

The research included determining the inhibitory effect of crude ethanol extracts of three herbaceous plants in some fungi and bacteria. The plants were Oxalis corniculata, Portulaca oleracea, and Euphorbia prostrata, while the fungi were Aspergillus niger, Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp. and Macrophomina phaseolina, the bacteria were E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The inhibitory efficacy of three concentrations of each plant extract were 5, 10 and 20 (mg / ml) tested against the four fungi by measuring the diameters of the colonies in each concentration in addition to the control treatment, then the percentages of inhibition were calculated, and the effectiveness of the three concentrations against the six bacterial species were tested by measuring diameter of the zone of inhibition around disks saturated with concentrations of extracts as well as comparison with the diameters of inhibition obtained from standard antibiotic disks. It was noticed that the percentages of inhibition of fungi increased by increasing the concentrations of the extracts, so the concentration 5 mg/ ml had the least effect, while the concentration of 20 mg/ ml inhibited the growth of all fungi by 100% and for all three types of extracts. The results also showed that the fungus Alternaria sp. is more sensitive to plant extracts, followed by Fusarium sp., and the results also showed that the extracts of the O. corniculata and the P. oleracea had inhibitory activity against S. aureus, K. pneumoniae and E. coli, while the crude extract of the E. prostrata showed a great inhibition against all bacterial species and in direct proportion with the concentration..

New nickel (II) complexes with three mixed ligand {which are 2-Oxime-4 (3- hydroxyl benzlidene) pentane (L2H); 2- chloro benzaldehyde- thiosemicarbazone (T1H) or 3,4- dimethoxy aceto-phenone thiosemicarbazone (T2H); and glycine (GH) or metformin (mf)} have been prepared by applying classical and microwave heating techniques. The resulting compounds have been characterized using analytical, physical and spectral techniques. Complexes of general formulaes [Ni(L2H)(TH)(BH)](Ac)2 in slightly neutral medium and complexes of general formula [Ni(L2)(T)(mf)] and [Ni(L2)(TH)(G)] in basic medium have been resulted. {where BH= GH or mf ligand, TH= T1H or T2H ligand, L2= deprotonated L2H ligand, T= deprotonated T1H or T2H ligand, G= deprotonated GH ligand}, high spin octahedral complexes have been resulted. No laser He-Ne type (wave length are 600- 700 nm) have been observed on the compounds, this means that the compounds are stable. Biological activity of the ligands and complexes have been evaluated using agar plate diffusion technique against Echerichia coli, Klipsila pnnemoia, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Some compounds were found to have antibacterial activity.

The aim of the study is to estimate the display function of wheat crop in Iraq for the period (1993-2018) to determine the most important factors affecting the width of the crop, and the method of (FMOLS) fully corrected least squares method was used, and it included economic and standard analysis of the transactions of independent variables representing partial tendencies that the function is linear and included the function A set of variables affecting the supply of the crop. The most prominent results indicated that the boundary price and the value of its slope (36.18839) illustrate the positive positive relationship with the supply of the crop. As for the price of the substitute commodity (barley), the results showed the inverse relationship between the two variables and the slope value (-0.010780). The barley crop leads to a decrease in the supply of the wheat crop, and the positive results of the moral of the variable of agricultural production support programs and the effect of the relationship between the two variables were evident. Savings for farmers. The results of the positive assessment of the variable of agricultural exposure and the effect of the relationship between the two variables showed the extent of slope (38.61606) This is through stimulating the private sector to trade with global markets and the trend towards the market mechanism in increasing the supplied quantities of the wheat crop, and this matter highlights the positive relationship between the two variables, and the positive results of the per capita variable of the wheat crop indicated that an increase in the per capita share of the wheat crop leads to an increase The width of the crop is by its slope (18.14187) and this shows the effect of the direct relationship between the two variables, and some conclusions were drawn, the most prominent of which is that most of the time series used were unstable or non-static in their level because they are affected by economic and political conditions and because of the presence of a trend factor that affects the same or the opposite direction. The use of traditional methods may lead to shady results (false regression), as well as coming up with some recommendations, the most important of which is to support marketing policies that suffer from many problems through transportation, storage and mismanagement in crop receipt operations.

Wheat is an important food and strategic crop and occupies a distinct economic center and the economic resources involved in growing wheat under the supplementary irrigation system and its production data are the main pillar of the agricultural development of this crop, and the gap between agricultural production of wheat and the local needs of it is increasing over time which led to increased imports From wheat to facing local consumption, the research aimed to estimate the economic efficiency and its implications for both technical and distributive or allocative efficiency for wheat farms under the supplementary irrigation system in Nineveh Governorate and specifically in the semi-guaranteed areas of rain by relying on field data for a stratified random sample of 93 farms and according to the type of irrigation system using Data Envelopment Analysis method from Input Orientated Measures and assuming Variable Return to Scale, depending on the computer program (Deap), and the results indicated that the average technical efficiency of the sample according to irrigation systems (20, 40, 80, 120) acres, respectively, was 99.7%, 99.3%, 99.4%, 99.9%), and the average allocation efficiency was, respectively, (99%, 97.8, 92.4, 94%). ), And with respect to the average economic efficiency reached respectively (98.8%, 97.1%, 91.9%, 93.9%), this means that the sample achieved a high degree of efficiency and close to the optimum degree, therefore it requires the research sample to reallocate resources in a way that reduces costs while at the same time achieving use Optimized resources for achieving full economic efficiency.

Abstract: Nineveh province  was chosen as an applied model for the study, because it is one of the most imputant governorates in potato cultivation and production. The preliminary data of the study were collected according to a simple random sample of potato growers for the spring harvest (2019). The total number of farmers in the sample was 315 representing 23% of the study community chosen by using a questionnaire for this purpose, and among the most important goals which the study seeks to achieve was to determine the optimal production levels (minimizing costs and maximizing profits) in the short term being among the key targets of the successful farm manager, in addition to estimating the function of costs for the short term for the total spring harvest (in 2019). The research comprises the flloawing items:
First: Estimating the production function (Cup-Douglas) using OLS method to represent the relationship between the dependent variable that represents the quantity produced of potato yield (y) of dunum and the independent production factors used;  labor (L) worker / day and capital (K) million dinars.  it is significamt  that the double logarithmic function is the most consistent function with economic logic and in representing the relationship in terms of passing statistical and standard tests. The labor resource included (family labor and wage labor), while the capital resource included all items of capital expenditures (seed quantity, fertilizers, pesticides, mechanical work, irrigation wages, fuel, and maintenance wages), then finding economic derivatives (marginal and average output) , equal output curves, short-term cost function was derived from Production function.
Second: The total short-term cost function of the sample farms was estimated, and the output from the potato crop was counted as an independent variable, while the calculated total costs (million dinars) counted as a dependent variable. The quadratic function was the best function based on statistical and standard tests, economic derivatives (marginal and intermediate costs) were found, and the level of output that maximizes profit from potato crop production was determined, and cost elasticity was derived. Finally, the most important results were mentioned and recommendations were proposed by the study on the subject, including: - that suggests presence of a large number of obstacles to the production of the crop, the most prominent of which was the high prices of seeds, fertilizers and pesticides, the lack of machinery and equipment for harvesting the crop which leads to high costs of harvesting, and not considering the export of the manufactured production  which in turn affects decisions about this crop. The researcher recommends that the Ministry of Agriculture expands the area of land belonging to it which is suitable for planting potatoes, and operating large numbers of agricultural engineers and large numbers of manpower according to partnership,  investment or Self-financing  schemes, and this would accommodate large numbers of labor that consequently contribute to reducing unemployment, creating job opportunities and the establishment of the development of potato cultivation project through their dependence on modern methods.

Field experiment was Conducted in season of 2019 year at the University of Tikrit/  college of Agriculture. In two location differ in their gypsum content (4.78% and 17.69%). RCBD design with three Factors (Four K rates 0.0 , 80 , 120 , 200 kg K.h^-1). Two gypsum soil contents 4.78% and 14.61% , and three Zinc rates (0.0 , 1 , 2 kg Zn.h^-1) were used. The following results were Found.
Application of K fertilization increased the dry weight of corn where the percentage increase were 17.45% , 21.26% and 38.68% respectively as compared to control treatment.
Soil with high gypsum decreased significantly the corn dry weight by 20.66%> The results al so showed that the foliar of Zn significantly increase the Dry weight of corn. The percentage increase were 6.73% and 13.67% for both Zn1 and Zn2 as compared to Zn0.
Location I gave higher yield at the treatment K3Zn2 where its percentage increase was 89.40 as compared to the treatment  K3Zn2  at location 2 which gave the lowest yield.
K application showed significant increase in nutrients uptake in the green shoot of corn, where the % increase of N were  (43.11% , 56.73% and 91.90%) while with P (48.49 , 125.81% and 189.0%)  and for K (100.25% ,  182% and 294%). For Zn the % increase in shoot dry weight were (38.81% , 52.51% and 93.09%) treatment. The higher gypsum content  decreased the uptake of the N,P,K,Zn and % decreased were 30.01% , 69.35% , 47.53, and 29.92 % for N,P,K and Zn respectively.
Zinc application showed Significant increased in nutrients uptake , where the % increase for N were (14.42% and 34.38%) for p (17.09% and 37.34%) for K (25.13% and 51.54%) and for Zn (26.85% and 49.75%) for Zn1 and Zn2 as compared to Zn0 treatment.

ABSTRACT
Discourse analysis is considered as an instrument in analyzing elements which influence on our understanding of a particular text. Thus, discourse analysis is a highly coherent model in analyzing any spoken, like conversation, or written, like short story text.
The aim of this study is to analyze the discourse analysis of a short story, to show how the discourse is initiated, developed and terminated. How the characters participate, interact and what are the relationships among them, how those characters are introduced in the story; how they interrupt, ask questions, and how turns are distributed. The study also aims at counting the number of topics and how they are interrelated. To know whether the sequence of events is logical or not. In order to achieve these aims, the study adopts the discourse analysis of a written text of a short story namely, The Man of the House, by analyzing and describing the different strategies like initiating, developing, and terminating. In this study, the model of discourse analysis is eclectic, comprising of three models; Hymes model (1972) who suggests the category of "speech event", and Sacks model (1968) which proposes interaction analysis based on four categories "conversation", "topic", "sequence", and "turn".

The current research aims to investigate the effect of incidental learning strategy on EFL university students’ motivation to learn English based on the incidental learning strategy. In the light of this aim, the researcher has set one null hypothesis to be tested.
The researcher adopted the one-group experimental design. Accordingly, a sample of 40 students has been intentionally chosen from among the second year students at the Dept. of English/ College of Basic Education/ University of Mosul for the academic year 2019/ 2020 after applying an achievement test on the population of the research where the sample were chosen from among the students at the lowest level in the achievement test.
The instrument has been prepared by the researcher herself to collect the data based on the dependent variable namely motivation. A questionnaire on students’ motivation was constructed. The validity and reliability of the instrument was verified and tested. It was implemented before the experiment and after applying it to test where a difference in the level of motivation to learn English is. The collected data were statistically analyzed by using different statistical means.
The findings of this research show that the incidental learning is an effective strategy in motivating students to learn English as a foreign language.

Abstract
In the first step, were obtained of compounds ethyl malonate and ethyl glutarate (1,2) through the reaction of di carboxylic acids (Malonic acid, Glotaric acid) with center sulfuric acid in absolute ethanol, In the second step, compounds (1,2) were converted into compounds malono hydrazide and glutaro hydrazide (3,4) through reaction of compounds (1,2) with an increase of hydrazine hydrate in concentration (80%) in absolute ethanol, as for the third step it involved converting the compounds (3,4) into two-compensation hydrazone (imines) compounds (N1,N3-benzylidene malono hydrazide) and (N1,N5-benzylidene glutaro hydrazide) (5a-d) (6a-d) through the reaction of the compounds (3,4) with different aromatic dihydes compensated in absolute ethanol, In recent step, the reaction bis-substituted hydrazone (imines) compounds (5a-d) (6a-d) with maleic, phthalic and tetra chloro phthalic anhydride in absolute ethanol produce N1,N3-bis substituted (1,3)-oxazepines, (1,3)-benzo and tetra chloro benzo oxazepines malon amid (7a-d),(9a-d),(11a-d) and N1,N5-bis substituted (1,3)-oxazepines, (1,3)-benzo and tetra chloro benzo oxazepines glutar amide (8a-d),(10a-d), (12a-d). N1,N3-bis substituted (1,3)-oxazepines, (1,3)-benzo and tetra chloro benzo oxazepines malon amide and N1,N5-bis substituted (1,3)-oxazepines, (1,3)-benzo and tetra chloro benzo oxazepines glutar amide expected to be more biologically active than usuall substituted (1,3)-oxazepines, (1,3)-benzo and tetra chloro benzo oxazepines, the compounds prepared in this study were diagnosed using spectrum (FT-IR) and the protone nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (1H-NMR) and some physical constants.

The present study is an investigation into circumstances of death and funeral ceremony and their effect on condolence expressions in English and Arab societies .the problem of the study stems from the fact that both circumstances of death and funeral ceremony differ in both societies, and this has its bearing on condolence expressions in English and Arabic .It aims at showing whether the circumstances of death affect the grief and condolence expressions ,and seeing whether funeral ceremonies differ from one society to another according to traditions and religion. It is found here that in English society, condolence expressions are often non-verbal expressions, whereas in Arab society, condolence expressions are usually verbal expressions, and that the death circumstances in English society do not affect condolence expressions ,whereas in Arab society they play a significant role in choosing the condolence expressions, in addition to having an effect on the number of condolers.

Interlannguge is defined as a type of language used by second or foreign language learners in the process of learning the target language; it is an intermediate phase between first and second language. This study aims at providing a phonological description of the Baghdadi Interlanguage ( henceforth BIL ) used by the Bengali workers in Baghdad province , the capital of Iraq. The primary purpose of this study is to substantiate whether this newly emerged variety is an interlanguage or a pidgin , also to solve many tutorial problems in this variety by identifying the errors of the learners of second language in the field of phonology . Data collection was based on some interviews , accompanied by a list of personal questions with four Bengali workers from both genders ( males and females ) , ( two males and two females ).
It is found that this new variety is an interlanguage not a pidgin since the characteristics of interlanguage are achieved in this study throughout the stages of the developments of this newly emerged variety ( interlanguage ) . The study also finds that the main phonological differences between the Baghdadi dialect and the interlanguage ( IL ) are in the consonant phonemes rather than the vowel ones.

The present study is a pragmatic study of congratulation responses in Iraqi Arabic. It aims at finding out the main and sub- responses strategies in the Iraqi Arabic congratulation responses, figuring out the more frequent types of positive politeness strategies used in the Iraqi Arabic congratulation responses and investigating the influence of gender in expressing the Iraqi Arabic congratulation responses concerning the questions above. The researcher hypothesizes that there are different responses strategies used in the Iraqi Arabic congratulation responses. In the Iraqi Arabic congratulation responses, there are positive politeness strategies more frequently used than others, and the congratulation responder's gender affects his / her Iraqi Arabic congratulation responses. By using a discourse completion test(DCT), the researcher verifies these hypotheses to be conducted on 60 students(males/females) at Mosul University/ College of Basic Education/Department of English as a sample for the research. The test consists of ten happy situations, and the participants have to imagine the situations that his/her friend is congratulating him/her and to write their responses in Arabic. Finally, the data have to be analyzed in terms of the taxonomy proposed by Elwood (2004) and then by the positive politeness strategies stated by Brown and Levinson (1987). Based on the results of the current study, it has been found that there are different responses strategies used in the Iraqi Arabic congratulation responses, there are positive politeness strategies more frequently used than others, and finally, males and females employ somewhat similar congratulation responses strategies but with varying frequencies and realizations.