College Of Basic Education Research Journal

The Current research aims at knowing the effect of using flexible groups strategy on the achievement of fifth primary class pupils in information and its retention
To achieve the aim of the research the researcher put two null hypthese an used the experimental design of two equivalent groups(experimental and control). The sample was (66) pupiIs of fifth primary class, (32) in the experimental group and (34) in the control group. The equivalence between to the groups was achieved in many variables such as: Biology degree in half semester, general average, age measured in months and the academic level of parents. To achieve the aim of the research, the resarcher made a (37) items achievement test of three alternatives. The test was characterized with content and verification of its psychometric features for the items and its high stability. The experiment began at the beginning of the second semester of the academic year (2012-2013) and lasted for (five) weeks and then the achievement test was appIied. After treating the data statisticaIIy (t-test) for tow independent samples. The results showed statistically significant differences between the averages of achievement and retention of the experiment aI group and the control group in bioIogy one at atime and infavour of the experimentaI group

The current research has aimed to knwo the effect of several cooperative games on developing the social interaction for the kindergarten children
The sample has consisted of (60) children, (30 males & 30 females) kindergarten stage. They have been chosen deliberately from two kindergartens: Talkef and Saidat al Najat in Nineveh governorate. The researcher has used the experimental design of the two groups, experimental & control, while the equivalence has been made among the children of the two groups according to the educational level & profession of the parents, depending on the scale of social interaction prepared by (Fadhel, 2009) consisting of (26) items, as well as the research has designing of program for some cooperative games after studying the previous research. Then the external validity has been examined by introducing them to some experts in education and psychology, and the reliability has been calculated by (test & retest) research (0,82). After the application of the social interaction tool on the sample of the two groups, experimental & control, and applying some cooperative games on the experimental group, then it has been re tested on the same sample of the two groups.
The researcher has used Pearson correlation coefficient and t test for two independent samples as statistical tools for analyzing the data. The results have showed that the members of the experimental group have increased their social interaction by the effect of the provided cooperative games, demonstrating statistical differences between the pre and post tests in favor of the post test of the experimental group. In the light of these results, the researcher has provided a number of conclusions and recommendations such as, the cooperative games have effectively anticipated in developing the social interaction by the kindergarten children. While he recommended the necessity of interesting the teacher of kindergarten to use the cooperative games interestingly making them within the main course of kindergarten as well as he suggested making a similar study to know the differences according to the variables gender and age.

The current research has aimed into identifying the level of mental imagination for the students of basic education college in Mosul University. As well as it has attempted to detect whether there are any differences in the level of mental imagination may be belonged into the two following variables: the gender (male, female), and specialization (scientific, humanitarian). The sample of this research has included (200) students from the basic education college as (109) for males and (91) for females. The researcher has used the test of mental imagination which had been prepared by (Al_Rawi, 2011), consisting of (70) items distributing as (6) aspects such as (visual imagination, auditory imagination, tactual imagination, olfactory imagination, gustatory imagination, and organic imagination). After verifying the validity by external validity and reliability by re test, making the final application for the test, and treating the data statistically by using (SPSS), so it has become clear that the students of basic education college have high percentage of mental imagination especially in the aspect of visual imagination then auditory one, olfactory, and the rest of aspects respectively. Moreover, the male students of basic education college are higher than female students in the mental imagination. While the variable of specialization, the results have showed that the scientific specializations have mental imagination higher than the humanitarian ones. In the light of the results, the researcher has presented several recommendations and suggestions In the light and the results the researcher presented a group of recommendations and suggestions ,such as didn’t depend on the verbal assimilation only in preparation the in structional curricums and their teaching methods specially for humanity specialist and can presents matersals that assist students to understand and imaginations building that assist to understand the instructional material.

The current research aimed to discover the Effectiveness of Chemistry Teaching according to learning dimensions model in the development of chemical concepts and the meta-cognitive skills for first grade secondary students.
The Population of research consists of students of first grade secondary in Libya, also the research was applied on a sample that selected intentionally from students of first grade secondary in Libya, the sample has been divided into two groups, the first was an experimental and consisted of (33) students, where the second was the control and consisted of (31) students.
Tools of this research are the following:
1. Teacher Manual.
2. Student Handbook.
3. The achievement test of chemical concepts.
4. Measurement of meta-cognitive skills.
By using T-test for independent groups to compare between the control and experimental group, we got the following results:
1. The Effect of Chemistry Teaching according to learning dimensions model on the development of chemical concepts and the meta-cognitive skills for first grade secondary students.
2. There are statistically significant differences at (α ≤ 0.001) between the mean-degrees of the students of both the experimental, and the control groups in the achievement test of the chemical concepts.
3. There are statistically significant differences at (α ≤ 0.001) between the means-degrees of the students of both the experimental group, and the degrees of the students of the control group on the full skills measurement of the meta-cognitive skills and its sub-dimensions (self-regulation skills, academic tasks skills, ,procedural control skills).
In the light of the research results, the researchers provided a number of recommendations including:
1. The necessity of a development of style of chemistry teaching in secondary school.
2. The recognition of the content of high school chemistry textbook in the light of the learning dimensions model.
3. Conduct training programs for teachers of chemistry based on the use of the learning dimensions in the teaching of chemistry.
The researchers also provided a number of suggestions to conduct future studies one of them is “The Effect of learning dimensions model on the development of concepts and the meta-cognitive skills in the teaching of other subjects".

The current research aims at investigating the effect of using puppets theatre in the social growth and the verbal vocabulary for kindergartens children. In order to achieve these aims, the two researchers have put the following four hypotheses:-
The researcher has used the experimental design with the pre and post test with a control group The first experimental group has been taught according to the puppets theatre style, while the control group has been taught according to the normal method. The sample of the research consisted of (50) male and female children distributed as (25) male and female children in the control group and( 25) children in the control group , The two researchers have prepared the necessary educational plans for both groups (10) plans of each group, they were presented to a committee of specialized experts to make sure of their validity.
Also the two researchers have prepared two tools:-
First:- To measure the social growth consisted of (42) items.
Second:- To measure the verbal vocabulary consisted of (16) images and (60) questions distributed on eight levels.
After achieving the validity of the tools they were applied to the two research groups before starting and ending the experiment so as to investigate the puppets theatre effect on the social growth and verbal vocabulary for sample's individuals.
After treating the data statistically , the results were as follows:-
1. There is a statistical significant difference sign at a level of (0,05) between the means of the experimental group in the pre and post test on the social growth scale and infavor of the post test.
2. There is a statistical significant difference at a level of (0,05) between the means of the experimental group and the control group on the social growth scale in the post test infavor of the experimental group.
3. There is a statistical significant difference at a level of (0,05) between the means of the experimental group in the verbal vocabulary between the pre and post test infavor of the post test .
4. There is not statistical significant l difference sign at a level of (0,05) between the means of the experimental group degrees average and the control group degrees average on the verbal vocabulary in the post test.
In the light of these results, the researcher has submitted a number of recommendations and suggestions the most important ones are opening courses in collaboration with Education Directorate and University of Mosul to train teachers how to use puppets in teaching kids. The researcher has suggested to make a comparative study between puppets and roal–play wayin the social and linguistic growth for kindergartens kids.

study aims to know the effect of problem solutionmethodon studentsgainingat the second intermediate class in Islamic education subject. The researcher used the experimental design which has two equivalence groups which consist of a disciplinary group studied according to the traditional method, and an experimental group studied according to the problem solution method. The research sample contains (51) students chosen randomly from the research society and distributed into two groups (25) students in the experimental groups and (26) in the disciplinary group.
The researcher made an equivalence between these two groups in number of variables. The research tool was represented in an achievement test in Islamic education subject for the second intermediate classprepared by the researcher and prove its validity after presenting it experts committee and explain their opinion and after the lest gets an agree went of (80%) The test wasapplied on reccing group equivalent to the research sample to get its items differentiation by using the differentiation equation, as well as geting the difficulty coefficient of each item, and by using Kodir– Richardson equation (20)to ensure its stability which is (0.84).
The researcher prepared teaching plans for the two groups began the experiment in (7/10/2012) and endedon Monday (17/12/2012), the researcher expose the two groups of the research to the post test in achievement, and when analyzing the data, the results show that there is astatistical difference at the level (0.05) between the ranges of the experimental groups who studied by the method of problem solution and students who studied by the traditional method in the achievement for the experimental group.

The Egyptian writer(Ala' Alaswani) has been chosen to be the topic of the research for the coherent artistic techniques prevailed in his novel entitled(Ya'qoobian Building) in depicting reality via many characters that are existed heavily in the novel in terms of examples and dimensions. Therefore, this research studies (the control character in the novel) including an introduction and two topics.
The introduction includes a definition of the concept of the central character. Topic one is dedicated to examining (the examples of central character) in terms of the wealthy, the self-made businessman, the aberrant journalist and the student. Topic two includes a study of(the dimensions of the central character) in terms of the external dimension, the conceptual dimension and the psychological dimension through an analytical study of the various character from its aspects including the artistic, the objective, the psychological and the social aspects in order to achieve a comprehensive vision in revealing out the novel characters.

Artistic prose in old ages was divided into two types: speeches and letters. The first thing comes to our mind is these two distinguished types among other types of literature, in addition to their roles and functions in literary, social and religious life. Included in this type of artistic prose is what is called "literature of letters" which forms a literary genere in its own. Under this type, other sub-types of various letters in style, content, purpose and intention, which were different in influence and beauty. In addition to the accumulation of literary literature a cross its stages of development in grammar, and characteristics. Finally the letter become an art of rules and origins.

Represents experimentation, in the scene novelist, strategy text has its premises theoretical and stakes creative, and her modalities of art and technology aesthetic, while differed critics in for experimentation, and dispersed stranded in a statement conditions and premise, and adjust its borders and bases, and monitor the prospects and potential, writes improve read novelist (lock my heart) in the field of illusions novelist. And cracking linear narrative and novelist Sir - self, which makes the text takes another artistic dimension , so that we are confronted with a double trip combines dive into the depths of the individual self , and through scuba diving in the depths of the collective self. All this by writing the biography/ story extinct breed, which make bets this text take the form Aoualemh a fiction based on a set or elements addresses.

The research plan is based on showing the main grammatical chapters and, then, mentioning the grammatical problems cited by the prophetic traditions with taking into consideration their documentation from the adopted books and references indicated in the book " Al-Fudha Al-Mudheya Sharh Al-Shathra Al-Thahabeya" and following the presence of this citation in the grammarians' books, the books of hadith parsing and the books that dealt with treating hadith problems .
The book "Al-Fudha Al-Mudheya fi Sharh Al-Shathra Al-Thahabeya" represents a great scientific enrichment in the field of grammar. It is characterized by presenting the grammatical opinions and questions in a clear and accurate phrase to be understood . The book adopted a group of Qur'an, poetry and parable quotations to clarify the grammatical topics . The hadith quotations had great availability in illustrating the general grammatical problems and the odd ones .The book accepts this absolutely to make the learners be acquainted with recognizing the odd or rarely-used in the hadith language. Its hadith recitation was about to clarify the grammatical problems.

comparison between two things or certain objects. The mechanism of this approach depends on demonstrating the relationship or comprehensive matter between two limits as possible. This needs a frame from appropriate concepts limiting the levels of these relationship in addition to the reason leading into that comment. Therefore, in order to fulfill the requirements of this frame, then the emerging levels should be demonstrating in mind and thought in the form of ontology into the space. In other words, from perception to achievement, the concept of approach in such image depends on ontological consideration for body and its forms in existence, because most of our experiences in material life as well as moral one, is being envisaged according to these forms. So, the personification has been made on arranging the abstract concepts far from life aspects and surrounding world including the resulting concepts from language according to the body features and acting on these expressions.
The image of loving the woman, and the harmony with the self as human experiences and distinct phenomena by which Al_Mutanaby had described the woman totally have been represented by inclination to woman representing the situation of love formulated by suggestive simile formal approaches (complex & simple) embedded by directive concepts of ontological aspects. These have reflected the mental information for the details of the life of Al_Mutanaby in psychological conflict to appear in love situation liberated him to describe those who are praised.

The character is the key station from which the author launched to set his art text. When the character is set, the narrator draws his sketches for revealing events tracks interfacing to manifest the character as structural factor contributing in developing the event track.So this study aims to check this technique by revealing the hidden values the author did want to offer through his character. The study built up upon an introduction and two sections. The introduction included pointing out the character concept since it has an existence and progression growth from a set point drawn by the narrator throughout the events. The first section dealt with the character types such as central, secondary and heritage character through descriptions made by thewriter. This section revealed also the specificity of the three characters and showed their themes in a mixture that never separates between characters and time, place and action.The mechanismto construct this technique enlarged the distance with narrative components so that the author set his charactersas samples alternating between the real and what is imagined for activatingtheir roles.
The second section was to study the styles of introducing the character in relation toabsence and talk pronouns. Also this section was to reveal every pronoun related to the character as the pronoun is the contact point between the narrative world and the view point, which assists in the narrative process, andforwardthe action. The selection of the narrative pronoun may be cosmetic matter at first or frame matter upon which all critics nave agreed upon.

Poet Abdul Razzaq al-Rubaie in his poetic extensive since the eighties of the last century generally sought to take advantage of a lot of techniques other arts literary and others, in order to develop his poem and open areas of new creative where he graduated from the limitations singing simple, and plays an aesthetically pleasing new poetic expression and modulation poetic also, the

The dualism of light and darkness in modern poetry describes as a duality reflects the love philosophy in a contrariness way. The day, who distributes the light on the earth and life, characterized clarity, designation and appearance, and it may not be desirable in the philosophy of love because it reveals the lovers. Love by itself involves the meaning of confidential and secret, so the night, on the contrary, means darkness, lack of clarity and ambiguity, which fit with the philosophy of love in some way. There are, in the modern poetry, many other parallel dualities related to this dualism,

The research titled The poem synchronized, which is one of the formations building poem in modern hair Raad Fadel, as it has a special value in the contemporary experiences, the money a large section of contemporary poets it, and reported that achieved by the hair of concentration, intensity, and stir and dispense with digressions and detail by clicking all that is delicate and essential to the subject, and is the kind of importance great prose poem modern, and divided the research into two sections , taking first section poem miniaturized , as characterized by a poem miniaturized palace severe , but the content is limited to splash emotional one, as it is characterized by obsolete meet semantic and forming aesthetic for the label through functioning in lattice models problem , eat second section forming an reductionist , as it is characterized by the formation character reductionist across the width of the events in a focused manner briefly and intensify through the acceleration time of the fleeting moments of the past, and cannot summarize these events only when already receiving any when you have a piece of the past but may be a presumption that sum up the event happened or will happen in the present or in the future.

The Emarate of Musa bin Abi-Al-Afiya in far Morrocco in the first half of the fourth Hijrate century was established with an appointment from the Fatimid State, an am evaluation for his distinguished efforts to help this state to occupy Morrocco. He exerted great efforts to control the north to the city of Talmasan, the centre of Morroco. His troops also occuppied the city of Odghst, the capital of the Sanhaji Emarate to the south. His ambition did not stop to this extent, but he declared his independence from the Fatimid state, he took the Andalusi Umayid side to add legitimacy to his rule in Far Morrocco. He died in A.H/ A.D.

Aspects of Hadeetha al Mosul ruse in the periods that preceded the Islamic conquests, but it flourished in the early Islamic periods. The city in carly Islam was one of the military bases for setting to Azerbaijn Armenia, and bilad – Al Rome. Also, it played arole in the poitical scence in the Abassid period. In addition, it had biographies and notabl; some of them had great role in effecting the intellectual life in bilad alsham.

This research tackles the terms related to the Egyptians in (Taj Al – a'roos min Jawaher Al-qamoos) book written by Mohammed Murtatha Al-Zubaidi 91145-1205A.D.) who spent a long time of his life in Egypt. Taj Al-a'roos was one of the most old Arabic dictionaries which refers to the language of Egypt. There was only some terms (not more than 15 terms) representing the language of the Egyptians in the dictionaries that was written before this one. This was the motivating reason behind choosing Al-taj among other dictionaries .
The research included two sections. The first one includes studying the Egyptian language terms and presenting its most important characteristics and linguistic domains. The second one was represented by creating a dictionary according to the rhyme system/ followed by Al-Zubaidi in Altaj taking into consideration the linguistic origion of each term.

The study aimed to identifying the most important education basics, which upon the Prophet’s education method is based, through the Prophet’s personal biography. The study illustrates also the method, education and teaching concepts as well as revealing the most important educational principles taken from the prophet’s personal biography, clarifying the styles used by the Prophet in educating his companions (Sahaba) through the prophet’s biography. Moreover, the study illustrates to the most important characteristics of the methodological levels for the prophet’s education and dividing it, because of its important role in raising a whole generation of his companions (Sahaba), and the effect it has on the coming Muslims generations.

Iran-China Relations go back to old historical periods with cultural interactions and exchanges. There is the silk-road which connects through its long road between both states . Their relations had become flourished by the commercial field which had developed since 1979 to include industrial, agricultural and investment field, as will as in the field of Oil and natural Gas after the end of Iraq-Iran war. In spite of international economic Sanctions imposed against Iran due to its nuclear program, China went on in its cooperation with Iran to 2010.

The books of layers are important in that they are unique in giving details that haven't been mentioned in general history books. These books are, therefore, indispensable for researchers in Islamic heritage. Among these books is "Siyar Aalam Al-Nobala"( or "Biographies of the Best Nobles) by Al-Hafez Al-Thahabi (T A.H./ A.D.). This book is important because its author is one of the best scientists of the nation. The author, furthermore, studied the writings of the previous authors in the same field. His book, therefore, becomes more complete. Additionally, he transferred for us happenings from books that didn't arrive to us due to his interest in this field from his childhood. He also translated to a lot of writers with different associations including (companions, positions, successors, princes, caretakers, narrators, jurisprudents, those with discrepancy, poets, etc.)
There are ( ) translations in his book. They shed light on the life of the most prominent nobles from the first starting point of Islam till A.H.. His book has been divided into thirty-five layers. He didn't follow one order in that the last layer comprised eighty-six years whereas the average of layers was between fifteen and sixteen years. Some layers were only nine years such as the sixteenth layer. Al-Thahabi has translated to some kings, prices, their brothers and sons in one position even if they were from different layers to make the reader following up with events which were normally interrelated. He also followed a special style in formulating the translation. His name started with a "translator" then his nickname, surname and then he mentioned his birth date. After that he mentioned his teachers, students, writings, and his scientific effects. He also mentioned his scientific status by stating what scientists said about him. At last, he stated his death date. This book has contained a lot of types of criticism. It wasn't confined to one field, it was concerned with the criticism of the nobles that he translated their works explaining their status. He also judged them.

In July sultan Qaboos bin – Saied became a leader of Oman, then Oman became a state which had a great role in the Arab – international fields. This happened because of the foreign policy of sultan Qaboos, which concentrated upon Non– allied country, good relations with the states in addition to the co-operation between the Islamic, African, not-Allied countries.
During the war between Iraq – Iran ,( ), Oman adopted afixed possession during the invitation to find peaceful formula to put an end to the war by ingestions between Iraq – Iran . At the same time, Oman refused the Iraqi occupation to Kuwait, also Oman participated in the war of Liberating- Kuwait during . At the same time , the a diplomacy adopted by Oman was the peaceful delegation to solve the Iraq – Kuwait conflict andbring Back the legal authority to Kuwait.

Mosuli journals, in general, paid special attention to matters related to literature and education through the publication of stories and poems. Of these journals are Al_Ummal (labors) , Al_Balagh , Fata Al_Iraq , Then specialized literary journals appeared , most prominent of them is Al_Majjala , Al_Jazeera , Al_Jadawil , Al_Rawafid , , Al_Fajr , Al_Mithal , Sada Al_Rawafid , Fata Al_Iraq , Al_Asifa and Al_Raid .
Literary journalism in Mosul dealt with contemporary educational literary issues concerning Iraq and Arab states, in addition to focusing on international publications and media through essays , studies about international and Arabic literature in addition to publication of stories and poems dealing with real life situations . In this way, literary journalism served Arabic language and literature and created a literary and ideological movement which suits the reputation of Mosul and its literary and educational past resulted in generation of youth who participated in literary journalilm and became literary and educational prominent figures in Mosul and Iraq . The researcher tries to make this work the first research which tackles the" literary journalism" in Mosul analytically and academically.

This research sheds light upon the destiney of some geographical travel books which mentioned by Ibn Al-Nadīm in his book entitled (The Fihrist), in addition to studying their titles.

Foundations Abdessalam Yassine reform movement emerged reaction to the circumstances of the crisis that has gripped the country and its various dimensions of political, economic and social, have contributed to his call and through application of the theory of curriculum prophetic call to (correct Islam) and Islamic renewal and alert to cons political systems,but after reconsideration and change inmethodology Sheikh Abdessalam Yassine and openness that was the result of a desire valuable political participation for the application of the principle of democracy, which form later one principles movement Adl wal Ihsan, and turned the movement of a reform movement into a political party has the power of thought and popular, was able to attract young people and the poor through religious discourse which holds, and build a large fan base made the movement more able than others to build a real force with a large following with the potential vulnerability in the movement of reality, and try to change what is in everyone's interest.

The paper deals with the popular MRP and its motto is the cross and its position from some contemporary Arab issues . The paper is talking about the formation of this party and its role at the political, Social and economic levels after its coalition with some political parties in the governments of the 4th French Republic and its relation with these parties, the causes of its rise and fall as well as the contradictions and the needs of its voters.

The year 1969 witnessed a great change with respect to the Western German foreign policy. During this year, the socialist party came to power in Western Germany and the party's leader, Willy Barandt, become the federal chancellor there. Willy Brandt started to follow a new foreign policy known as the Ostpolitikwhich is based on driving to rapprochement among the countries of the communist bloc in the lead of which was the Soviet Union. According to that policy, Willy Brandt turned the Western German foreign policy out of its traditional course which was represented by the total adhering to the NATO and rejecting to deal with the countries of Warsaw alliance.

Siberian pipeline project aims at transferring the Soviet gas from Yamal fields in Siberia to the Western Europe contries which was done through a series of negotiations in early of the 1980s between the Soviet Union and the Western Europe countries. The project faced a strong opposition by the American administration considering that this project hurts its economic interests in the region; thus, it started to impede it, but the European allies did not submit to the American will and adhered to their interests

Geographical techniques Caused revolution in the analysis and processing of spatial data. And created new concepts considering the traditional methods above, and provided models and different methods That are able to simulate reality according to spatial models combining Mathematics and geographical Statistics and computers. in Applied geography knowing the form that posed data is useful in understanding the spatial pattern of distribution of geographical phenomena treating spatial organization as the heart of the work of geographical aspects, Means of processing and spatial analysis have varied. The geographers describe the spatial distribution of phenomena in the absence of objective criteria; The emergence of GIS software has revolutionized in Spatial science; and in geographical specific, which led to a decline in the ways that researchers sought to be found and developed ,and to show new ways that are more accuratein their results and in time and effort. In the current research, methods of analysis of hot spots were used Hot Spot Analysis: Getis-Ord Gi, within an environment of statistical spatial analysis used the program ArcGIS.V. . In conducting modeling spatial use of agricultural land for cereal crops in the area Ahamidat Nineveh province, the research the ability of GIS in building spatial model for agricultural land; for graining crops bulding maps in the form of values of the high areas planted with grains and in terms of values grading standard GiZScore and values of probabilistic GiPValue. which confirmed spatial variance by the spatial distribution pattern and statistical terms of

After 2003 Iraqi political area witnessed, the emergence of several political parties that took it upon themselves to participate in the political process and contest parliamentary and local elections in order to participate in the political decision-making in Iraq.

The northern part of Iraq is characterized with a mountainous nature which is undulant in its surface in comparison to the rest of the parts in Iraq, and that makes the role of the climate stations in measuring the various climate elements less accurate, because of the small number of these stations and because they are located in topographic parts with different elevations. Moreover, the elements which influence the climate haven't been taken into consideration in their specific locations in that area such as; the direction of the wind, atmospheric depressions, air masses and terrains and others. All this requires to reconsider the planning of the standards of their current specific locations and selecting additional sites by using the cultural map of the north of Iraq and the applications related to the GIS represented by Global Mapper and ArC GIS ver. 9.2.

Investigating civilizational facts in Al- Tabari history during the Umayyad age is very important for those who study history because it sheds tights on Al- Tabbari touches as a historian. Aetully , Al- Tabbari was interested in history in addition to his interested in political and military history especially in his great book "The History of Messengers and Kings".

- The research aims at the following :-
1- To explore the effect of using learning programs according to the sensory preferences inventory ( visual, auditory and touchable ) on learning some basic motor skills in football .
2- Comparing between the effect of using learning programs according to the sensory preferences inventory ( visual, Auditory and Touchable) on learning some basic motor skills in football in the subsequent test.
3- Comparing between the effect of using learning programs according to the sensory preferences inventory ( visual, Auditory and Touchable ) on the retention of some basic motor skills in football
- The researchers has used the experimental method because of its appropriateness and the nature of the research problem. The sample of the research is represented by the first-year students of the college of physical education / university of Mosul for the year ( 2009-2010 ). They are (36) students and divided into three groups of (12) students per each group. The equality and homogeneity processes have been carried out between the groups in the following growth variables (mass, age and length) and some elements of physical and motor fitness of the football players, in addition to some basic motor skills in football
- The following statistical means are used (arithmetical mean, standard deviation, and T-test ,percentage , one-away anova, Duncan test, L.S.R, retention rate.

The researchers concluded the following :-
- The use of learning programs according to the sensory preferences inventory ( visual, Auditory and Touchable ) had a moral effect on learning some basic motor skills in football.
- The third experimental group that used the sensory preferences inventory (Touchable ) was better than the first experimental group ( visual ) and the second experimental group (Auditory ) on learning basic motor skills in research .
- The third experimental group that used the sensory preferences inventory (Touchable ) was better than the first experimental group ( visual ) and the second experimental group (Auditory ) on retention basic motor skills in research

Centered research problem in that most of the students elected the University of Karbala suffer from weakness in the accuracy of performance skill transmission ( short and long ) Badminton properly , so the researchers attempt to activate the motor skill studied through training arm practice and practice and take advantage of the phenomenon of the transfer of the impact of learning to arm practice to configure the number of responses required during variables play,
The goal of research is to identify the effect of exercise of the arm is the practice in the development of accurate performance skill transmission ( short and long ) arm of practice for students badminton , and to identify the priority exercises with one arm or both arms in the development of accurate performance skill transmission ( short and long term ) for students badminton
Hypothesis of the Research is to understanding that the exercise arm is practice a positive impact on the development of accurate performance arm practice the skill of transmission ( short and long term ) for students of badminton , and the exercises with both arms a positive impact on the development of accurate performance arm of practice for skill transmission (short and long term ) for students badminton .
The researchers used the experimental approach to design (equal groups of pretest and posttest ) so as to suitability nature of the problem and achieve the objectives of the research , and represented a sample of the research community search the entire illusion students elected the University of Karbala for the academic year 2012 totaling (8) students and this means researchers used method of comprehensive ,they are divided into two groups, the first pilot includes (4) students and the second pilot includes (4) students, and researchers conducted pre tests in the Faculty of Physical Education at the University of Karbala .
Came the most important conclusions
* The arm is practice exercises helped to develop the accuracy of performance skill transmission ( short and long term ) for students badminton . * If the arm exercises and practice is practiced helped to provide mobility programs are many and varied , which helps the student to cope with all the variables play. Most important recommendations is the need to focus on arm exercises practice is practice in skill training modules for transmission and other skills badminton .
And the need to use arm exercises and practice is the practice of a single skill because it helps to provide responses to similar situations play for real.

The importance of this study lies in the fact that and the lack of study on the active game of volleyball-related to physiology Attention must be given to some physical exercises and skill of that depend on the energy system anaerobic because of their influence in the work of enzymes and the speed decomposition glucose to reconfigure the energy sources of chemical compounds in the muscle cell contraction to perform movements and rapid responses fit as required skills defense in volleyball.After completion the same tests applied on (20) players of Volleyball from Anbar city, for developming that play.

The aim of this study is to assess the effects of subsidiary tools on some physical attributes and basic skills of basketball players. The experimental approach was used in this paper as it suites the research problem. The research sample consists of sixteen players divided into an eight-player control group and eight-player experimental group. Proper test were applied to the sample of the study. Results were obtained statistically. The researchers recommend that new assisting means and training tools to be created in order to cultivated the physical and skill attributes and potentials of basketball players.

Glycine Betaine (GB) solution at concentration 0.08 molar was used for soaking grains of bread wheat variety (Sham _6_) before sowing at these periods of time (0,6,12,18,24 hours) to evaluate its effect on plant height , number of spikes/plant, weight of spikes / plant, weight of 100 grains, grain yield / plant, and biological yield. The results indicated that there were significant and desirable decrease in plant height and significant desirable increase was observed for 6 hours treatment for all traits. High significant differences were detected for genetic, environmental and phenotypic variances for all characters. The environmental variances was more than genetic one. The broad senses heritability was medium for plant height , number of spikes /plant, weight of spikes /plant, weight of 100 grains, grains yield /plant and biological yield.

Because of the calcareous nature of soils in Mosul city and the high value of the soil pH, most micro nutrients have negligible availability in these soils, therefore an field experiment was conducted during two successive growing seasons 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 to determinate the response of growth, yield and quality of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes to different levels and timing of zinc foliar application. The experiment comprised of three levels of zinc sprayed on the plant leaves one dose (0, 7.5 and 15 mg.l-1), three sunflower genotypes (Manon, Fodak and Sunbred) and three timing of zinc application (heading stage, flowering stage and seed filling stage). It was conducted according to Randomized Completely Block Design with split - split plot with three replications. The results could be summarized as: The addition of zinc sprayed on the plant leaves with concentration 7.5 mg.l-1 led to an significant increase in characteristics: plant height, leaf area, number of seeds.head-1, weight of thousand seed, seed yield per plant, total seed yield, seed oil content, seed protein content and oil yield, protein yield, while increasing concentration of zinc to 15 mg.l-1cause a significant decrease in all investigated characteristics in the two growing seasons. Fodak genotype gave a high mean for characters: plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, number of seeds.head-1, seed yield per plant, total seed yield, seed oil content, seed protein content, oil yield and protein yield in both seasons 2009-2010 and 2010-2011. Delaying timing of zinc foliar application to flowering stage causes an significant increase of all investigated characteristics in both seasons 2009-2010 and 2010-2011.

A spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amount of thymol in pure form and in mouth wash preparation has been proposed in this study. The method is based on the coupling reaction of thymol with diazotized 4-aminoacetophenone in alkaline medium to form an intense red water-soluble dye that is stable and has a maximum absorption at 487 nm. A graph of absorbance versus concentration show that Beerʼs law is obeyed over the concentration range of 10-400 µg /25mL ( 0.4- 16 ppm) with a molar absorptivity of 2.77×104 L.mol-1 cm-1 and Sandell ʼs sensitivity index of 0.005µg/cm2. The method does not require neither temperature control nor solvent extraction step. The proposed method is successfully applied to the determination of thymol in mouth wash preparation.

This paper sheds light on emphasis (corroboration) in Arabic and the ways of emphasizing speech. Emphasis is widely used by Arabs to strengthen the meaning and to remove any doubt a receiver may have upon hearing an utterance or reading a statement. Unlike English, Arabic by its nature tends to use overstatement in many situations. So it uses emphasis heavily to give extra force to a word, a phrase or a statement. The study aims at (1) showing ways and purposes of emphasis in Arabic. (2) showing how emphatic expressions are realized in English. (3) pointing out some problems a translator may face when rendering such emphatic texts particularly in the Glorious Qur'an. The study hypothesizes that since English opts for understatement, the rendering of emphatic verses may not be as forceful and emphatic as the original. The study comes out with the conclusion that the renderings are often not as emphatic as the original.