College Of Basic Education Research Journal

This study aimed to identify the goals of life of university students and see if there were statistically significant differences in the goals of life according to the variable gender and educational grade, the research sample consist of (420) students (male/female) from the University of Duhok , and to achieve the aims of the research life goals scale has been building at University Students includes eight fields (academic, personal growth, family, social relations, healthy, spiritual, financial, entertainment) , as has been extracted psychometric properties from reliability and validity of the scale and in multiple types, and after applying the scale on the sample of the research the data have been treated statistically using one sample t-test and two independent samples t-test ,the result showed that the research sample individuals have goals for life in general, and though the fields of the eight scale the results showed that the sample individuals have goals related of study field, personal growth, family, social relations, spiritual ,and entertainment, and not having goals related to healthy and financial field , but for difference goals of life according to the gender (male/female),the results has revealed existence of statistical significant differences in the two field of life goals , first the spiritual field and the difference was in favor of females and the second is the financial field and the difference was in favor of males, and for the differences in the stage variable study , showed there are differences in life goals relating to study, family and financial field, and the difference was for the benefit of students in the fourth stage.

The study aims to investigate the active role of students from their point of view and the role of the headmaster on reducing the suicide phenomenon in the preparatory schools in the city center of Nineveh according to the sex, specialization, and birth ranking variables. To achieve the aim of the research, a questionnaire is prepared by the researcher. It is applied on (150) female and male students from two specialization (scientific and Literary) in the center of Nineveh.
The results reveal that some students (male and female) are highly ready to commit suicide: According to sex variables, the results reveal that the female are readier than male for committing suicide. As far as the specialization (scientific - Literary) is concerned, the results reveal that there are no differences between their readiness level in committing suicide.
The results also show that there are no differences between the birth ranking (first- last) in their readiness level for committing suicide.
In a view of the findings obtained, the study ended up with a number of recommendations and some suggestions.

Creative values represents one of the active impulses of the Creative behavior impression just as the dramatic ,which means the necessity to be attracted to it and to hold it's random hesitation, and which means also the necessity to entertain and contain the management leaderships and their employees to invigorate their organization and to diffuse the life spirit and in continuous way.
This was an introduction to grow the excitement inside the researchers to notice the study issue which started from an inquiry based on:
To which rang will the Creative values be available in the organization (Study Sample) and in the way which can diffuse Creative culture education in this organization and then make an invitation to introduce supported mechanicals for these manners and candidate them?
Finally, we mention an important conclusion from the study results:
It was mentioned in the answers of the research sample that there was a high satisfaction degree of the Creative values in the organization (Study Sample) .
According to this conclusion ,the study had a lot of recommendations.

The current research aims at defining the effect of exchanging teaching strategy on developing some creative thinking skills of sixth primary pupils and their interest in Arabic reading.The sample consisted of (40) Pupils. To achieve the aim of the research, the researcher used two equivalent empirical design (one to be experimental and the other is the control group).The researcher made two tools the first was to measure certain creative thinking skills consisting of (9) question measuring (fluency, flex ability and originality) . The second consisted of (34) items to measure the interest in Arabic reading characterized by reliability and valibity. The experiment lasted (7) weeks. After applying the tools and the appropriate statistical means in analyzing data, the results showed statistically significant differences at the level of (0,05) between the average of developing creative thinking skills and interest in Arabic reading,and in favor of the experimental group that used exchanging teaching strategy over the control group that used traditional method . Given these results, the researcher gave a number of recommendations and suggestions.

This research aimed to know theEfficiency of Teaching/ Learning Design in Physics Based on Kemp model by using multi-media means in Developing Critical Thinking and Tendency towards Self-Learning of ninth stage students.
To achieve the validity of this research, nine hypotheses have been put a sample ( 27) students (male, female) have been chosen deliberately from the society .morever two tools were used:The first tool represented by preparing a scale of Tendency towards self-learning and it consisted of(37) items in its final draft. The second tool was taken from and used by(Amen،2003) it consisted of (38) items distributed on 5. Sub_skills for measuring critical thinking. These itemsare (infencing, Evaluation of arguments, Knowing-suppositions, contriving & Explanation). The validity and reliability of these two tools are proved in the range of its accepted limit.The researchers used two programs the(building program) forprodusing multi- media in its four steps and the (experimental program)wich needed to choose a design depending on one group of [pre-test and post test] .After conducting the construction of design ،the experiment lasts (8) weeks,then the tools are applied and the data have been analyzed statistically .the results showed that the design has an effect on developing the critical thinking and tendency towards self-learning. The researchers introduced recommendations and some suggestions to use this design in teaching.

This research aims at identifying the effect of role play method on developing scientific thinking skills of sixth primary class pupils. The research is limited to the sixth primary class pupils for the academic year (2012- 2013). The sample was (52) divided into two equal groups in: age measured in months, the general average of fifth year, the average of science textbook for the fifth stage as well as the academic achievement of parents. The experimental group used role play method , whereas the control group used traditional method. The teacher herself taught both groups. The experiment lasted seven weeks. Before initiating the experience , plans of both methods and the (15) items test of scientific thinking skills made by researcher was presented to a jury of experts in methodologies that extracted the lest stability and reliability. The researcher applied pre- test on the sample. Both groups were taught according to the plans put by the teacher. Then both groups had post tested . Statistical analysis of data was done by using (SPSS). The results showed statistically significant differences between the means of development of scientific thinking skills in pre and post test for both groups and in favor of the post test. The results also showed no statistically significant differences between both groups in post- test. Given these results, the researcher made many recommendations that necessitated the use of both methods (role play and traditional) in primary schools, as well as some suggestions such as the effect of using role play on developing sixth primary class pupils` trends towards science textbook.

Value forms the axis of human experience that differentiates man from other creatures by his possession of intellectual elements that make him commit to these values which conflict with other values forming a continuous argumentation between the positive value and the other oppositions. This occurs clearly in Bediuzzaman Hamadhaani’s Makamat through which the value and the methods of its demolition form an intellectual content that leads events to harmony, cohesion and communication to a technical structure that enjoys and surprises the hearer / reader with while he pursues these artistic images drawn by Al-Hamadhani’s makamat while they narrate their stories between an ethical crisis that increases its climax level to the problem, the matter that requires a narrator’s interference to solve this problem artistically and not away from innovation and creativity in a work built from poetry, prose with humor touch, wisdom , ridicule and seriousness. The study is an attempt to point out these values included in Al- Hamadhaani’s Makamat to recognize the way of their style throughout an argumentation of conflict that creates continuous movement of narration accompanied by linguistic and semantic association in addition to the critical taste enjoyed by the makamat’s author and valuating provisions present and criticize the old poetry by adopting the modernists’ poetry.

The writer Tahssin Kremani is examined here for the coherent and artistic features that characterize his stories in addition to their poetic and sensitive language, included various examples of narrative dialogue showing the characters and present the events. This study examines the dialogue texts and show their artistic and aesthetic dimensions to reveal their significances.
The study consists of an introduction and two sections. The introduction identifies the concept of dialogue while section one examines the external dialogue: the dual / the convergence as related to the compound dialogue (the descriptive analytical) the symbolic dialogue and the dialogue without description, analysis and symbolization. Section two deals with the internal dialogue: individual/one dialoge as monologue, conscious dialogue, self– conversation, related, and imagination.

This research deals with the prelude of a poem which is a poetic section. It comes at the beginning of a poem and precedes the subject-matter. It has gained a considerable importance by Mosuli poets since they dedicate themselves to pave the way for the readers to guess what the poem is about. The introduction in the Mosuli poetry in the 12th century A. H. differs in its subjects and in the number of its lines. This makes it a special subject in that it acquires its own artistic elements in the context of building a poem as a whole. Hence, it becomes coherently and cohesively clear and keeps the unity of its subject.

The" greatest Ta'eya " of Ibn Al-Faredh ( A.H) is considered one of the most famous Poems in Arabic language. The affection by this Sufi text varies into many forms,. One of those who was influenced by the " greatest Ta'eya " was a sufi Moroccan Poet named Al-Harraq Al-Tatwa'ey (died in A.H.) who opposed Ibn Al-Faredh's poem with Ta'eya, in which works on the artistic and ideological approach. Therefore, the textual relationships varies between the two poems, in which the most important is the connotation level between the two texts, in the way it relate the indicative with the thing or one being indicated between the pronunciation and meaning, so we can say that the most significant thing that congregate between Ibn Al-Faredh and Al-Tatwany, is that both of them commencing from the obvious truth of Sufi extinction.

In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful.
All Praise is due to Allah, and peace on His servants whom He has chosen. After that, we ask Almighty facilitation and conquest in the analysis of The Opening chapter, Al-Fatihah Surah, ( the Essence of the Book) and in the showing of the symmetry among its verses as well as the mystery of miracles in their wonderful versification .Trusting in Allah and seeking help from Him, the Quranic language remains the rhetoric language where the art of occasion emerges. This art has its own dimensions and secrets in the Quranic versification at the semantic level of a word , phrase or structure in the Quranic expression. The research tries to highlight this Quraninc phenomenon in The Opening chapter (Al-Fatihah Surah) in accordance with the contextual and stylistic symmetry that would support the rhetoric arts to elucidate the most important rhetorical signs and contextual jokes in addition to show lessons and significance correlated with the formation of the thematic unity of each verses or verses with each other.

This paper deals with the literary genre between criteria and violation modern poetry as an example of this phenomenon. Also this paper tries to list its positive and negative effects on the poetry traditions and its aestheticism. The paper also study its effects on the process of its reception and response as well as the vast learning it demands from the receiver in addition to the creative writer who is supposed to have artistic abilities , cautious talent that can risk the deviation throughout his openness on the different arts the other genres without affecting on the beauty of the literary genre from which the violation starts towards an other different literary genre.

The technologies poetic expression component basis for the effectiveness of the process poetry in the poem, which collectively paint a general picture which will reveal the identity of Fine her, and then confirm the artistic value and aesthetic and cultural development of this poem, and the success of the poet in the formulation Onmozjh poetry that responds professionally and strength and effectiveness of his poetry, so be for each technology of technologies poem multi-role specific and specific in the construction of architecture poetic actors in the poem, and when the poem is long and involves the features of the narrative and dramatic and epic, these technologies expressive must operate the highest capacity and efficiency in order to build space poetic year there.
Actuation poem search Mohammed Saber Obaid tagged (purple herb warmed himself in the bowels of the wind)), which is a long poem of epic nature and dramatic narrative and poetic expression technologies invests the best investment and on a variety of different levels.

The idea of the current deals with the origins of Nahj Al- Borda for Ahmed Shawki a way from dealing with narrativity or poetic contradiction with our confession of approaching authenticity concept. The current research points out meeting and separation points and reached out the existence of three basic authenticity points out of that poetic text that went under light bearing in mind that the idea of the text with the biography of prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him). This required inspiration of certain historical stories and religious texts as well as previous literary texts that affected the current text. The research revealed these authenticities and dividing them into three parts. Literary, religious and historical considering sequence its depth in the text

The choice and study of the cave sura stories is to be a model for the analysis of the dialogue in the Quranic story because of what these stories have from dialogues at the level of patterns and functions in the cave four stories: the people of the cave, the two men, Moses (PBUH) the good slave of Allah, and Thi-AL-Qarnain. The aim of this work is to analayze the models of dialogue to show the artistic and asthetic dimensions and the significances resulted from them. The research is divided into a preface and two parts . The preface includes the specification of concepts and terms of research, like dialogue, Quranic story to get the impression on which the analytical study in based on. The first part includes the study of arguementation patterns, i.e the outside dialogue (complex dialoge and symbolic dialogue) and the internal dialogue (the monolog). The second part discuses the functions of dialogue, i.e to develop the events and personalities in the story.

Thank God the Lord of the great Quran and may peace and prays be upon our Master Mohammed the orphan and his followers who owns the right and wisdom. The Quran is the cure of every sick person ,and through out studying it’s verses, the secrets of the most merciful and greatest become clear.
So , the researcher will go into its deepest sea and extract whatever it is precious and accurate by depending on those preceded us of the scientists and the owners of the perfect wisdom . So , for all that we choose this research which deals with the verse ( what agents of you Lord deny ) . I called it ( the spirit and the basil in repeating “ what agents of your Lord deny “ by the way I had called it “ Miracles and the statement. Then , I decide to study this verse in its repeating among verses . Then , I decide to study this verse extensively by collecting what the scientists had mentioned in their explanation and the causes and benefits of the repeating .
I find no one who could give the subject its right from all its dimensions in explanation and rhetoric and the different opinions of those scientists “ God be mercy of their souls “ and explain it for those who are interested in Quran and its science , by showing the interest of our scientists in the great Quran and its rhetoric and the grammatical Miracles and the sober style that the reader cannot feel of any boredom or monotony because of the repeating . Finally , I ask God for in all of that the success and rectitude.

It is quite obvious that the period of crusades had negative effects on the minerals in Bilad Al-Sham. However, this does not mean that these minerals were considerably neglected or not employed in the economic fields; but some people would rather view it as a historic economic event between the Islamic East and the European West, especially when we know that these countries have different kinds of minerals–conventional or precious. The former included iron, copper and lead, while the latter included gold and silver. The minerals were used in various industrial, civil and military fields. The Shami craftsmen were creative in the production of various artifacts which became well known in different parts of the world known at that time and influenced the European West considerably. Museums around the world still have some of these priceless artifacts. Minerals trade also witnessed a remarkable circulation between the European West and Islamic East. This undoubtedly was due to the huge demand on different kinds of minerals to meet both the needs of war against the crusaders and the local industries. The Ayoobi princes and sultans as well as the Mamlukes exerted great efforts that contributed to the development of mineral-based industries through encouraging many craftsmen, particularly those from Mosul city known by the art of Takfeet , to emigrate to Bilad Al-Sham.

Diseases, and espeially, Plague have been among the most dangerous things that societies have faced in the middle age. For it has big negative influence and deadly results which lead to destruction and ruin of human strength and economic and population growth, especially; after the escape of the population from this disease inorder not to be infected. Then, agricultural lands remain uncultivated because of the lack of those who plant them. And the industrial side represented by industrialists and handworkers paralyzed because of the escape of those dead and the escape of those industrials. In addition to the stop of trading activity in this land because of the non-arrival of traders . It also has a direct and negative effect on the scientific and the political life because of the death and the isolating of many responsible persons and officers in various specializations because of this disease which face plague in Al-Mamluki age and what would detailed in the body of this paper.

This research deals with the practical life in Malaga city. This Andalusian city wittenesed a clear scientific activity through the appearance of a number of scienticists who have a great role in figuring out the scientific life of it. The research shows the effect of political situation through which the city passed over the Arab, Islamic rule of Al-Andalus. The researcher found, by viewing these situation, that the city passed through relative peaceful settlement which has its effect on the scientific development of the city. This development is achieved through the scientific journeys, done by the scientific of Malaga, which had their importance in building civilization; travelling for science increases education completion. The scientific movement of Malaga's city was nourished clearly. This nourishment is present through many translation books in different sciences such as: religious sciences ,literature, Grammar, linguistics, history, and experimental sciences. Moreover, education nourished in this city, in that its citizens approached education and had a number of scientists who practised teaching and presented great scientific services to this city.

Ma,rouf - Alkarkhi is one of the great erits in Islamic Sufism .The research includes,his biography,from his conversion to Islam and the beginning of his treating with Sufism from the Imam Ali – bin Musa Al – Reda. The research also sheds light on his experience of Sofism, in addition to his worshpping to purify the soul, till his death ( A.H – .A.C).It is followed by Dreamss which showed his reputation beyond life, he is really the best Sufi who realized the meaning of soul purification till(Allah the great) accepted him.

This paper deals with the Ayoobians existence in Al-yaman ( ) after the political chaos that caused by the quarrled states on authority Which led to tear the unity of the land and the spread of different religious groups exploiting the remoteness of Al-yaman from the center of Abbasian succession in Baghdad. The paper also involves the successive military campaigns that Ayoobians have sent to subguqate them under their control . And the first one was of the great king Turanshah Al-Ayoobi which is led by the king Al-Maswood binAl-malik Al-Kamil Al-Ayoobi. In addition to the achievements that AL-yaman has witnessed during AL-Ayoobian age which lasted fifty six years and ended with the establishment of AL-Rasuliastate

The Arabian Gulf has got , since the past , a great strategic importance in the world due to its privileged geographical location between the East and West in that, it is the important international pathway for the world trade. This region acquired a great special site whether for cultures or countries which emerged in Wadi AL Rafidain or for the other neighboring cultures like Greek, Romanian and Persian, Indian, Chinese and African. The geographical, economical, political and Law factors had met to make the Arabian Gulf and its Gate ''Matheeq Hirmiz'', the heart of the world since the second half of the twentieth century and till now. The petrol and Internationl navigation added a great importance to this region and to the Gate, especially for the U.S, European countries,Japan and U.S.S.R.
The importance of choosing this research lies in the strategic dominating site of Oman on one side of the Gate against Iran, therefore, the Omanian government adopt special secure strategic policy to defend the Gate due to the political, economical and social changes in the Arabian Gulf region, definitely, in the period( ).

This research deals with the life of one of companions of the prophet , viz. Abdullah bin Rawaha through three themes, the first one deals with his lineage, family, education and how he became Muslim, as well as his companion to the prophet Mohammad (Allah's blessing and peace be upon him), in addition to his honest and his love to the prophet and other companions. In the second theme we shed light on his position in the battles fought by Muslims to defend on the Islamic religion such as: Bader foray and Bader foray appointment and brigade of Abdullah to Asir bin Ruzam, Uhud foray, and finally Mu'ta foray and the martyring of this companion.
The third theme deals with the companion's poetry and the prophet's position from his poetry, as well as the poetic purposes which Abdullah handled in his poetry such as: complimenting, elegizing, and lampoon. And the research ends with the most important results which we found.

Relations between the Cooperation Council of the ArabGulf States and the European Union historically governed by several factors, the most important of the interests is Member States, civilization, and cultural heritage. The colonid backgrounds played large role in determining the extension and development of foreign relations between the two regional organizations, and to study the relationship of contemporary relationship between the GCC and the European Union. The resarchers made the most important cornerstone keys to those relations between the two sides among the economic aspects were the foundation on which the emergence of political relations relied as well as the cooperation in the field of security, especially since the EU is keen on security and stability in the Gulf region which is one of the priorities for its relations with the country, in order to preserve their mutual interests.

The subject of This study is "The Cultural sides in AL-Tabari,s (the Hisrory of prophets and Kings) died at A.H from the period between ( ).
There will be many parts in this subject such as:
Administrative that is in section one. section two includes the economical, social , intellectual and urbanic part in addition to, these chapters many contain some of sub- divisions.
The researcher has depended on a number of references besides AL-Tabari, Ibin AL-Taqtaqi who has" AL-Fakhri in the Sultanic Arts", AL-Mawrdi who has" The Sultanic rules", and AL-Saqi who has "The Ministers". There are other references in this domain such as: "Islamic regimes" for Abdul Azeez AD-Doori, the book of "studies in Arabic Islamic regimes' for Tawfeeq sultan AL-Uzbaki and other references and sources that have a relation with the subject.

This research deals with the relationship between Al-Foqahaa' with the Authorities of the first & the second Mamlukia State, which is sometimes characterized by likeliness and respect and other-times it is marked with tension and congestion. This was the outcome of following the religious-politician theory throughout legal opinions (fatwas) of the Al-Foqahaa by the of authorities of Mamlukia Stata'. That’s why Mamaleek Authorities thought that the (Fatwa) is considered as a part of the political theory of the state, Which contributed in the closeness of the Mamaleek Authorities from Al-Foqahaa', attempting to be involved in the political operation and reality, and adding religious pigment to their ruling in-front of the citizens, that they are depending on the legal source that enables them to rule Egypt and remaining in it.

The paper deals with the economic crises in Egypt in Maqrizis book ((nation Relief by Sorrow Disclosure)), which includes a lot of economic and social opinions and theories, as it had detected most of the economic crises that befell Egypt since pre- Islamic period until ( ). The book presents a historical, analytical critical study showing its reasons and meotrial factors (natural and human). He recognized the factor such as the effects of causing the crises depending upon causality and the material bases including the interpretation analysing causes of crises and manifestations and consequences, and his refusal to compulsive interpretation for he is aware that the crisis is a social and material phenomenon resulted from certain reason that could be recognized and analyzed .
The paper aims at studying the reasons and the factor that lead to the crisis in Egypt on the light of Magrizis book which were mentioned disorderly. So this paper attempts to classify them according to the rule adapted in the modern scientific methodology in order to find out the most important factors which were behind the economic crises in Egypt during the era of the Islamic State.

This research tries to shed the light on the role of Russia towards Lebanon issue developments during ( ) . This role was considered one of the most important roles in area, politically, economically, and culturelly. Lebanon Mount was one of the most important of Ottoman regions that to be exposed to such role. Russian role in Lebanon Mount was considered one of the most dangerous of European roles in this side. This danger was hidden in Russian motives towards Ottoman state in that Russia tries to tearing the lands of the Ottoman state in corporation with some of the great European states. To achieve its policy, Russia tries to claim the foundation of an administrative sectarian entity that is submssive to Russian policy and under the protection of Russian . Russia demanded to form a third administrative district in Lebanon Mount for Roman Arthodox sect. In fact, Russia played a dangerous role in political maneuvers among great European states about what was Known as the " Eastern Qustion.

The relations between Iraq and Algeria were very good during the period 1968-1978 Even they become the best when they support each other in their political and economical issues. And this appeared form their mutual constant thy visits of their delegations. And also their attitudes toward the Arabic affairs, Specially the Palestine issue and refusing the UN resolutions which were against the Arab affair and Palestine case. This was very clear from their reaction. When they refused the Israeli – Egyptian relations when the two countries signed the camp – Devid agreement in 1978

Saad Current Research aims to know the impact of using Assignment Method in acquiring the Skills of Preparing Scientific Research by Third year Students / geography Department / College of Basic Education. The society of the Research included third year Students at the Department of Geography / College of Basic Education for the Academic Year 2011/2012. The sample consisted of ( 43 students divided randomly into two groups, the experimental reaching (21) students taught using Assignment Method and the control group reaching (22) students taught traditionally. Both groups were equalized in (age, intelligence , gender and pre – test)variables. The researcher made a tool to measure the skills of preparing scientific research. Then showed it to a pannel of experts in Education and psychology to find surface reliability for the tool . Stability was found and using re – test by (pearson conjunction factor reading 0.79 . Statistical treatments were also saad.

The Garamida appeared in Bahrain from ( ) and they undertook confronting Buwaid who came from Faris land directed to Iraq, and controling it They wanted then to extend their authority to Bahrain regions the stronghold of Garamida. The Buwyid look forward towards Bahrain, for many reasons, such as extending their borders after they captured the land of Faris and Iraq so they thought of join the costs of the Arab gulf to their properties after it faced so many attacks by Bahrain's Gramida, specially the raid onthe pilgrims Caravans exploiting diteiorated the relations between the Abassid caliphat and Buwyids. The second reason was the wish of the Buwaids to gain anabandance share of the Arab Gulf costs trade. The princes of Buwyids were carachtorized by loving the wealth and collecting money. The research is divided into two sections, the first one dealt wih the Gramida in Bahrain before the Buwyids domination ( ), as for the second one, it deals with the Garamida in Bahrain at the Buwyids domination ( ).

The present work investigates the economic situations in the emarate of Sinhaja in Odghist from the point of view of agricultural development in addition to industrial, vocational and commercial exchanges between this emarate and Western Sudan and with the west of the Arab land because it lies on the communication road leading to those areas .We hove also mentioned the exported and imported goods to this emirate and the ways of traveling across the desert, the currency used in commercial exchanges and transactions by chouse.

The research included a study of the effect of exercise on the levels of enzymatic, non-enzymatic antioxidants and lipid peroxidation among physical education students. This was achieved through the determination of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD)and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as enzymatic antioxidants, glutathione (GSH), uric acid and vit. E concentration as non-enzymatic antioxidants in addition to measuring malondialdehyde concentration (MDA) as an indicator of lipid peroxidation.
The study was applied on (24) blood serum samples of physical education students in the fourth stage aged between (18-22) years and compared with (21) blood serum samples of students with the same age not exert exercise as control group.
The results showed a significant increase in the concentration of MDA and a significant decrease in the concentration of glutathione, uric acid and vit. E. The results also showed a non-significant reduction in the activities of (SOD) and (GPx) in the study group compared to the control group
Key words : exercise, malondialdehyde, Glutathione, Superoxide dismutase, vit. E

The Effect of various effort Kinds made by man on his functional devices is not a secret any more. This comes from the precious efforts made by many scientists for many decades. Whenever modern technologies measuring various physiological appear, researchers use them to recap other phenomena and discover new physiological phenomena in the human body. Exercise lead to make changes in blood ingrediants and the respiratory device as it is the case with any other body organ and the changes are of two kinds: (temporal i.e. changes that occur temporarily as a response to physioloyical effort and turn back in rest) and relatively continuous ( the changes that happen in these variables due to regularity in practice for a certain time which lead to adaptation of blood for doing exercise).


The research aims at:
- Reveal the effect of Graded aerobic effort on some lung ventilation variables (number of breathing times, means of normal breathing, ventilation).
- Reveal the effect of Graded aerobic effort on some blood variables (red and white blood cells, hemoglobine).
The researcher hypothesized the existence of statistically significant differences in blood ingredients (red and white blood cells, hemoglobine), and ventilation variables (number of breathing times, volume of breather air, ventilation), before and after doing maximum physiological and aerial effort .
The researcher used the descriptive method due to its appropriateness. The sample consisted of (11) students aging (18-21 years) representing first year of Physical Education Department- College of Basic Education/ University of Mosul, and the researchers used testing and measuring as tools to collect data.
The researcher used the following statistical means:
(ratio, mathematical means, standard deviation, variance factor , t-test for two related groups).
After treating data statistically, the researcher concluded:
• Graded aerobic effort had (tangible increase) tangible effect on lung ventilation variables.
• Graded aerobic effort had tangible effect (tangible increase) in some blood ingredient variables Compared to rest time and in faver of post test.
The researcher recommended:
• The necessity of doing lab tests of candidates of the department of Physical Education to by used in the process of selection.
• Open a record for every student to keep his physiological, functional and chemical measurements to evaluate the health condition and his progress in every academic stage.
• Make a similar study with the same variables but on female students.

The paper aims at:
1- I dentifying the historical development of the walking sport .
2- The plase and the period of time for practicing the walking sport and extracting the lessons and making use of positives of history in this aspect .
3- Discovering and clarifying the facts which refer to the importance of the walking sport in the history and extent of attention and utilization of it at the present time by care and practice .
The researcher used the historical program because of its convenience for nature of the research for the purpose of reaching the real historical roots of this sport and its importance and rank in Islam and other fields. The researcher concluded the following :
1- Attention of Islam with walking sport and urging the people to practice it outdoors because of its physical and recreational usefulness .
2- Sport of walking is less than other sports in a rnatter of stress and it is more than them as to an issue of security it is more receptive with the people and at any stage of age .
3- The attention of America and Britain with walking sport since old ages . Sportsmen apperared and they had been called , Kings of walking like (William Robinhood) and (James Hokindge) . While entering the Olympic games , Britain has not won in the race of (50) km. except one time and the race of (20) km . has won three times .
4- There are athletes who won in three Olympic tournaments and four races like (Robort Korzinowski) who won in three tournaments as regards the race of (50) km in the years (1996 , 2000, 2004) . He also won in the race of (20)km in (2000) He won in three championships concerning the race of (50)km in the years (1997 , 2001 , 2003 ) .

The study aims at identifying the players, point of view of the favorite leading behavior of their Colleges coaches .The society of the research consisted of (60 ) bat games players, three players from each college participating in the universities championship ( 2009 – 2010) . The players were deliberately chosen ,and (15 )players were excused for not answering that :do the scale. The data were dealt with statistically . The researchers have concluded :
1- The mode of training and guiding was the best to the universities coaches.
2- Failure of the justice mode it is the least one used by the coaches .
The researchers recommend that :
1- it is necessary to develop the mode of training and guiding by coaches as it is the best in developing the sport activities .
2- Holding courses to refine coaches and concentrating on the most important leading modes that lead to achievements.
3- conducting similar studies on other games .

The present study was designed to determine the alternative effect between Cucurbita and Cucumis, the research involved two experiments in laboratory also in green house and the results showed that:-
1-The effect of aqueous extract of Cucurbita and Cucumis at concentrations (0,3,5)%w:v in germination and seedling growth of Cucurbita. The results showed a variation that there is response in germination and growth when compared with the control, the highest percent of increasing was (33.3,23,7.3) % in the Cucurbita extract at (3%).On the other hand, the highest percent of reduction was ( 13.3,9,6) by effect of Cucumis extracts .
2-The effect of aqueous extract of Cucurbita and Cucumis at concentrations (0,3,5)%w:v in germination and seedling growth of Cucumis they caused reduction, the highest percent of reduction was (51.8,61.1,53.5)%, respectively at (3%) of Cucurbita extracts.
3-The effect of addition of Cucurbita & Cucumis residues in germination and growth of Cucurbita, the results revealed a different response, the highest percent which was ( 10,21.7,13.9,129.4,91)% were shown by Cucurbita residues that incubated for one week, while the highest percent of reduction was (20,40.2,28.4,24.5)% at the soil contain Cucumis residues without incubation.
4-The effect of aqueous extract of Cucurbita and Cucumis at concentrations (0,3,5) % w:v in germination and seedling growth of Cucumis the highest increasing(10.6%) in germination and (11.6,4,8.8,1.3) % in growth for Cucumis residues that incubated, where is the highest reduction was (28.2,22.6,7.3, 27.2, 21.5) % respectively in the soil contain Cucurbita residues incubated.
Also the results showed that Cucurbita and Cucumis residues (not incubated) and Cucumis residues incubated caused increasing content of carbohydrate in Cucurbita and Cucumis ,the highest value (31.82%) in Cucurbita affected by (Cucurbita residues not incubated),but the Cucurbita residues incubated caused reduction in content of carbohydrate in Cucurbita and Cucumis, the highest reduction (30.45%) in Cucurbita.

The present study include investigation of the prophylactic effects of vitamin C and Methionine on the level of some Antioxidants of male albino Rattus norvegicus at age between (2.5-3.0) months . In this study 24 white male were used. They were divided randomly into 4 groups each 6 rats/ groups. The first group was given distilled water by gavage needle and considered as control . The second group was given lead acetate at does of 40 mg/kg the third group was given lead acetate at does 40 mg/kg with vitamin C at does 100 mg/kg . The fourth group was given lead acetate at does 40 mg/kg with Methionine 50 mg/kg . treatments were done daily for 30 days.
The result showed that lead acetate treatment caused significant degrees in level of glutathione GSH , and increase level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase ( SOD) in serum and brain rats compare with control group this indicate the ability of lead acetate to include oxidative stress in albino rats. The result also showed that treatment with vitamin C at does 100 gm/kg and methionine at does 50 mg/kg caused significant increase in GSH level and significant decrease in MDA levels and activity of SOD in serum and brain tissue comparing with control group.
The result also showed that increase and decrease were more prominent in rats treated with vitamin C. Thus vitamin C and methionine had prophylactic capability that would remove any oxidative stress and poisonous effects that were caused by lead acetate.

The present study arrived at initiated callus from Citrullus colocynthis L. namely from these parts (leaves, stems, cotyledons and hypocotyls)on the solid MS medium supported with different concentrations of auxins and cytokinins. The originate callus average estimated at 100% in all plant parts under study in the MS medium provided with 1.0 mg/L BA+0.5 mg/L NAA. Therefore, this was selected as the best medium to product callus from the plant. The quantitative and qualitative measuring of alcohol extract of callus resulting from Citrullus colocynthisL.utilizing the HPLC technique showed that it contains the highest concentration of the Rutin compound. This was amounted to 40.613% before hydrolysis similarly the highest concentration of the quercetine compound was amounted to 39.182% in this extract after the hydrolysis.
Key wordes: Citrullus colocynthis, plant tissue culture, high performance liquid chromatography, phenolic compound.

The study of isolation and identification of some fungi from some individuals exposed to dust storm in Ninevah province showed that fungal load had been increased on persons who exposed to these dust storm more than their fungal load before exposing.These fungal load colonized the nose, ear oral pharynx.Most of these fungi was isolated from nose, and less percentage was isolated from ear and oral pharynx.
The more frequent isolated fungi were Aspergillus spp., followed by Candida albicans, Penicillium spp., Alternariaalternata and fusarium sp.

The study included isolation and diagnosis of some species of Corynebacterium from soil samples which were taken from different areas. The isolated bacteria were tested according to their ability to produce glutamic acid infermentative media which were suppliedbyraw material like(apple peels ,whey ,decomposed potato and date syrup)separately. Theproductivity was estimated by standard ninhydrin method, and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) techniques. The results showed that all species of Corynebacterium have the ability to grow and produce glutamic acid with high rate in fermentative media supplemented with date syrup 37.41%, thenfermentative media supplemented with apple peels 28.45%, and fermentative media supplemented with whey17.25%,whilefermentative media supplemented withdecomposed potato was recorded less rate in productivity16.86%. Finally, the study showed that C. callunae was the best isolated bacteria in producing glutamic acid in the fermentative medium supplemented with raw material.

This study was conducted at the Sheikh Mohamed location which is far about (25 km) west north Mosul city during 2009-2010, 2010-2011 seasons. Three rapeseed genotypes (Tantal, Kroko and Rapol), were tested under three plant density (29629, 44444 and 88888 plants. hectar-1) to determine the effect of plant density on the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) seed yield, yield components and seed quality. The results showed that plant density of 29629 plants. hectar-1 gave the highest mean for characters stem diameter, number of primary branches, number of silique per plant, leaf area, number of seed per silique, weight of thousand seed, and oil, protein percentage in 2009-2010, 2010-2011 seasons, While the plant density of 88888 plants. hectar-1 gave a high mean for plant height in both growing seasons. The genotypes differed significantly in all the related characteristics, the Kroko genotype come over the other genotypes in plant height, stem diameter, number of branches/plant, leaf area, number of silique /plant, number of seed/ silique, 1000 seeds weight (g.) seed yield (ton.ha-1), oil, protein percentage of seeds and oil, protein yield (ton.ha-1)in both growing seasons. The interaction between plant density and genotypes was significant in plant height in 2009-2010 season only, the Kroko genotype with plant density at 88888 plants.hectar-1 gave highest mean for plant height.

The Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers are used to determine the genetic diversity among eight varieties of tetraploid wheat’s (Um-rabia 3, Leeds, Azeghar 1, Acsad65, Buhoth 7, Doma 1, Korfela, Um-rabia 5). The total number of the amplified bands (141 bands) are obtained, 101 of which were polymorphic, the DNA fragment size are ranged between 150 - 1650 bp, the polymorphism of RAPD markers are high (70.18%) and adequate to discriminate each variety.
The similarity matrix among wheat varieties for different similarity matrices coefficients (Nei&Li , Jaccard's, and Simple Matching (SM)) are found, the similarity value ranged between 36%-83% . The comparison among similarity coefficients using Mantel test shows that the correlation between Nei & Li and Jaccard similarity matrices was highly significant 0.99. Also, the dendrogram that constructed among wheat varieties using (UPGMA) analysis gives the lowest genetic distance between Azeghar 1 and Doma 1 varieties and the highest between Leeds and Acsad65 for both Nei & Li and Jaccard analysis , while for SM analysis the highest genetic distance was found between Um-rabia 3 and Azeghar 1 and the lowest distance was between Azeghar 1 and Doma1.
The result obtained from the current study reveals that the analysis of RAPD markers using Nei&Li and Jaccard similarity matrices are more informative than SM similarity coefficients to determined the genetic relationships among varieties and confirmed the potential of using RAPD markers to estimate the genetic diversity among wheat’s varieties.
Cited from PH. D. Thesis of the first researcher.

The choice of vocabulary which is part of the concept of synonymy is one of the significant linguistic issues which must be well understood. It is a subject that has always been controversial to pioneering and modern scholars for its significance in understanding the Qur’ānic vocabulary.
The present research studies lexical choice as an important phenomenon in the Glorious Qur’ān. It deals with near-synonymous words in the Glorious Qur’ān; their usage and the related meanings and tries to unveil the subtle differences in their meanings which might mislead some scholars and translators to think that they are synonymous.
This study aims at highlighting this phenomenon in the Glorious Qur’ān, by choosing (7) pairs of near-synonymous terms selected from different verses in five published translations of the Glorious Qur’ān which are assessed in terms of whether the translators have succeeded in choosing the appropriate term conveying the exact interpretive meaning of those terms in source language.
Among the conclusions of this study are:
1. Choosing the most appropriate terms among near-synonymous words in the target language depends largely on knowing the nuances of these terms i.e. attention should be paid to the semantic differences of these terms in the source language.
2. Some translators do not properly render the near-synonymous terms in a way that shows the nuances in the interpretative meaning between them or at least highlight the reasons behind their nuances.
3. The semantic analysis of near-synonyms in the Glorious Qur’ān and lexical choice is mostly influenced by context

This research investigates the translation of “عسى” in the Glorious Qur'ān into English. It attempts to show the way translators have rendered it, and then, based on the accredited Qur'ānic interpretations, correcting the translations of the ayas concerned. The research hypothesizes that treating single “عسى” the same way as the collocated “عسى” leads to erroneous translation. From analyzing five translations of “عسى” in the Glorious Qur'ān, it has been found that the translators produced inaccurate translations as far as collocated “عسى” is concerned. In order to achieve better understanding on the part of the TL reader, revising these translations is recommended.

This study aims at analyzing some mobile telephone conversations among Mosuli dated couples. It tries to show the linguistic interactional strategies used in expressing love topics, i.e. how couples start, maintain and terminate their calls, the features that signal the conversation as love talk, and the sex differences involved in such type of conversation.
The study hypothesizes that couples' telephone conversation involves using the methods of normal telephone conversation management with some modification. In addition, a standard formula is adopted in starting and ending the conversation. Besides, the topics raised by lovers are of a special kind. Finally, males have the highest proportion than females in revealing love topics, using direct elicitation and directive.
The study has come up with certain findings that confirm the hypotheses raised. However, almost in contrast to the last raised hypothesis, it has been found that females appear to have the highest proportion in revealing topics, raising direct questions, and adopting directive exchanges.
key words: conversational analysis/ expressing love topics/ mobile phone calls/ dated couples