الملخص

The Middle Ages witnessed the emergence of the Arab-Islamic civilization, which had a great influence on the development of science and knowledge in various fields of modern science, including geography. Despite its great role, the West still believes that the modern scientific renaissance began with the movement of geographical discovery that emerged during the thirteenth century which led to the discovery of the new world and the development and emergence of maps and the discovery of the hidden secrets of the earth. To realize how erroneous this belief is, the present study came to reveal the impact of the Arab Islamic civilization on the emergence and development of modern geographical branches (a study of geographical thought). ).