College Of Basic Education Research Journal

Abstract

Geography is one of the oldest sciences known to man on the surface of the earth. There were writings of a geographical nature about three thousand years ago, and geography from that time until the present time continues to develop without interruption in any period.From the periods of history, and that geographical thought in its current form is the product of human civilizations, ancient and modern, and that geographical thought passed through its history in different stages with each stage becoming more mature and enriched in thought.  And Persia, geography emerged as a science in the era of the Greeks and flourished in the Middle Ages within the framework of Islamic civilization, as it is no secret to anyone the role that Arabs and Muslims played in this field at a time when Europe was living in the era of darkness, and in our time, geography, like other sciences, has benefited from developments  What is happening in the world, as scientific and technical progress, especially in the field of geographic information systems, remote sensing and other technologies, has been reflected in the science of geography, thanks to which the study of geography and its research methods has advanced and its information has multiplied.