College Of Basic Education Research Journal

Abstract

The Mamluk era witnessed the emergence of a new political group of Mamluks known as the Mamluks, which are distinguished from the Mamluks known as the Mamluks, that their members are adult Mamluks, and their ways of arriving in Egypt differed from migrations from their countries of origin, because of the increasing demand for them, because of the increasing demand for them, Every new sultan was going to buy a number of these Mamluks to strengthen his nervousness and secure his throne, and not only the sultans, but the desire of the princes was present in order to strengthen their position in the Mamluk state..
The first beginnings of the appearance of the Mamluks date back to the reign of Sultan Peppers Al-Fazdari (658-676 Ah/1259-1277 AD), and specifically to 659 Ah /1260 AD, where a small group of them came to Egypt preparing By the dozens, and then they entered Egypt over the years in the ways mentioned, so the sultans began to enjoy them high positions until their influence increased and their power strengthened, so they controlled many of the joints of the Mamluk state, and many of the robes were rebelling against their authority and their princes and the senior statesmen instead of their attacks On the markets and the public of people by killing and looting in order to achieve their interests, which had the worst impact on the political life of the Mamluk state, where the reign of sultan of the Mamluk sultans was hardly without rebellions, sedition or conspiracies for them, including Sultan Qanswa al-Ghuri(9) 06-966 Ah /1501-1516 AD), where his reign witnessed many of these works, oblivious to the difficult situations suffered by the Mamluk state both internally on the one hand and the absence of the state treasury from money, as well as externally on the other hand represented by the Ottoman danger.
Despite the absence of state offices and the loss suffered by the Mamluk forces and the killing of their Gori sultan in the battle of Marj Dabiq in the month of Rajab/922 Ah /1517 AD, and in these critical situations continued their misdeeds, they were the reason for the instability of the Mamluks, and therefore its collapse and the establishment of the Ottoman State by Sultan Salim I in 1923 Ah /1517.