College Of Basic Education Research Journal

Abstract

The birth of the partisan experience in Egypt dates back to the beginning of the twentieth century, when the Egyptian national movement, in the face of the British occupation, resulted in the birth of the National Party, led by Mustafa Kamel Pasha. However, its real birth came after the 1919 revolution, which produced a revolutionary leadership that crystallized organizationally later on. Through the emergence of the Wafd Party, led by Saad Zaghloul Pasha, which represented the revolutionary forces, which carried the banner of achieving the demands of the revolution. And next to him came other parties described as (minority) parties. Egyptian political life knew the culture of elections and the transfer of power. Despite the interventions of the palace and the occupation, which spoiled the experience and emptied it of its content.
The failure of the partisan experiment to provide a solution to the national issue, and its neglect of the social issue, caused the July 1952 revolution, which began with a military coup led by the Free Officers Organization. The July 1952 regime dealt with the previous situation through a policy of total demolition. So he decided to finish off the partisan experiment through the decision to cancel political parties. In 1953, after a series of actions targeting the partisan political elite.
After that, Egypt followed the so-called one-party system or the one totalitarian organization, whose name was changed from (the Liberation Committee) to (the National Union), then to (the Socialist Union), to (Egypt’s Party) to (the National Party) – the buried – which monopolized ( His publications (The Authority) have been around for nearly 60 years, all of which are multiple names for one entity.
Party life is one of the most important features of the democratic development of any society, and its launch requires concerted efforts between the various political forces. In order for us to have true partisan pluralism, in which several strong parties compete, possessing intellectual ingredients, organizational capabilities, financial and intellectual capabilities, and enjoying democracy far from personality and individualism, and representing real mass bases, so do not be mere elite salons, as mature partisanship is a prerequisite for the launch of the democratic experience